Bachelor of Economics (Honours) Degree in Public Administration from University of Malaya and Masters of Business Administration (MBA) from New Hampshire College, United States of America.

He began his career in the Administrative and Diplomatic Service on 15 April 1974 as an Assistant Director at the International Trade Division, Ministry of Trade and Industry. He was later appointed Assistant Trade Commissioner at the Malaysian Embassy in Tokyo, Japan, from May 1977 until July 1980.

From August 1980 until July 1984, he served in the Implementation Coordination Unit (ICU) of the Prime Ministers Department, initially as a Principal Assistant Director, then later promoted to Deputy Director, Project Analysis Sector and subsequently as the Deputy Director of Research in the same department.

He has expansive working experience within the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. During his service in the ministry, he had held the positions of Malaysias Trade Commissioner in Sydney, Australia, Deputy Director in the Policy and Research Division, Deputy Director (Operations) in the International Trade Division, Minister Counselor of Economic Affairs at the Malaysian Trade Commissioner's Office in Washington, D.C., United States, and the Director of Multilateral Relations Division.

He was appointed as Deputy Secretary-General (Trade) on 19 January 2001 and thereon as the Secretary-General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry on 24 October 2004.

He was appointed as the 12th Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia by the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong on 3 September 2006 and was in the office until 23 June 2012.

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