FIRSTLY, let me congratulate Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim for being named the 10th prime minister of Malaysia.

I, like many other Malaysians, have had trouble sleeping over the past week as we imagined the formation of a government comprised of politicians who are NOT representative of our “own” group. 

Non-Malays and non-Muslims feared the formation of an almost 100% Malay-Muslim government by Perikatan Nasional (PN), while Malay Muslims feared the formation of a government dominated by non-Malays from Pakatan Harapan (PH). 

In the lead-up to the 15th General Elections (GE15) and amidst the recent uncertainty of who will be Malaysia’s 10th PM, many racial and religious sentiments were played up by ALL sides.

While I was hoping that a coalition led by PH would be part of the next government of Malaysia, I was willing to accept a PN-led government as part and parcel of the process of democracy and democratic consolidation in Malaysia. 

Even though the policy direction of the country would have taken a turn towards religious and racial conservatism under a PN government, it would be wrong to say that it would have made Malaysia into a Taliban country.

For instance, women would not be denied the right to work or to go to schools in a PN-led Malaysia and the politicians in Sarawak and Sabah would not agree to the implementation of hudud if they were part of a PN-led government. 

Besides that, voters would have the opportunity to evaluate the performance of a PN-led government after four to five years and decide their fate in the next polls (i.e. GE16).

Equally irresponsible

Similarly, those who were stoking fears that a PH-led government would be detrimental to the rights and well-being of Malays and Muslims in Malaysia were equally irresponsible.

No such evidence can be produced in Penang and Selangor where PH has been in power for three terms. On the other hand, accusations that the post-GE14 PH government was anti-Malay and anti-Muslim were unproven and based on distorted evidence, if not downright lies.

Having a peaceful transfer of power was what we experienced in GE14 and it is something that we should continue to uphold, especially if  “WE” are not part of the winning side.

Whether it was Anwar or Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin who was named as Malaysia’s 10th PM, it should be seen as part and parcel of the democratic consolidation and the maturing of the young democracy that is Malaysia.

But now that Anwar has been named as the 10th PM, the challenges facing him as the PM of a unity government are many.

It will take much consensus building and give-and-take to establish a government that will be able to last for five years and which can deliver sufficient results to the rakyat.

Here are some of my humble suggestions:

1. Offer “new deals” in writing to bring BN, GPS and GRS into governing coalition

While it is expected that Barisan Nasional (BN), Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) and Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) will be part of the new unity government, it is important that the basis of being part of the federal government be established quickly and in writing.

To that effect, memorandums of understanding (MOU) should be signed by Anwar with the leaders of BN, GPS and GRS, respectively, to set out the broad terms of an agreement on the policy issues that will be addressed by the new unity government. A commitment towards greater decentralisation of powers and finances for Sarawak (GPS) and Sabah (GRS) and veto powers on certain policy issues and government appointments for BN are some examples.

This is a necessary strategy to set the parameters of cooperation and minimise the probability of the reoccurrence of another Sheraton Move – recall that Bersatu did not have any agreement with BN post-Sheraton move, and their only agreement was to form a government together without PH.

2. Offer olive branch to PN, including being part of the federal government

This will not be a popular proposal among PH supporters but an offer to be part of the unity government should be extended to PN. This perhaps can be done after Anwar has obtained support from BN, GPS and GRS.

The reality that many Malay voters choose PN candidates as their alternative to UMNO candidates rather than PH candidates should not be ignored.

While the choice to accept or reject this offer is up to the PN leadership, such an offer should be made in the interest of political and social stability.

Even if PN chooses not to be in the unity government:

• Full parliamentary privileges, including equal constituency allocation, should be given to the PN MPs.
• One-third or half of the heads of the parliamentary select committees should also be from the ranks of PN MPs.
• An MOU 2.0 should be signed with PN and other opposition MPs that will outline the responsibilities and privileges of a “loyal” opposition.

3. Offer a political realignment with UMNO/BN

This is perhaps the most difficult proposal to put forward but some sort of realignment between PH and BN is needed.

BN will position itself as being “forced” to join the PH-led unity government. And individual UMNO leaders are already looking toward their own party elections and how they will campaign for their respective positions.

If an overt realignment that has something positive to offer to UMNO/BN is not forthcoming, the possibility that a newly elected UMNO president will pull BN out of the unity government and work together with PN to form a new government cannot be discounted.

Hence, Anwar needs to strengthen the hand of the BN leaders who will likely play key roles in the new government by offering some sort of political realignment. This may include having an electoral arrangement not to field any PH candidates in states like Kelantan and Terengganu in the state elections next year.

A more thorough analysis of the election results will show that PH needs a Malay-based party like UMNO to gain more support in Malay majority areas and to decrease the fear that Malays have against PH, particularly the DAP.

At the same time, UMNO also needs time to undergo its own internal reformation process that will allow it to win back some of the support that it has lost to PN, especially among the young and first-time Malay voters.

A PH-UMNO/BN electoral arrangement may provide the most stable electoral configuration in Malaysian politics, for the next few electoral cycles at least.

4. Control the “extremists” from within

One of the main reasons why the Sheraton Move could take place was because “extremist” voices from within the ranks of PH openly attacked their own government, especially the then PM Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamed.

Such voices will likely undermine the unity government, especially if their voices put internal pressure on leaders from the respective parties in government to pivot toward their “extremist” positions: if such voices from within each party are not properly dealt with, the new unity government may prove to be a short-lived one.

5. Strengthen institutions and governance structures

Finally, a firm agenda to strengthen institutional capabilities and governance structures within the federal government should be continued.

Governments will come and go, as the past two general elections have shown. Institutions that are properly governed and independently managed, such as Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), the Employers Provident Fund (EPF) and Petronas, will outlive politicians and be able to better serve the long-term interest of the rakyat.

The independence of the civil service to serve the government of the day should also be strengthened.

We should celebrate the peaceful handover of power and the appointment of a new PM to lead a new government. But make no mistake, the hard work of forming and maintaining a stable federal government post-GE15 has just started. – Nov 24, 2022

Dr Ong Kian Ming is the former DAP MP for Bangi.

https://focusmalaysia.my/5-suggestions-for-pm-anwar-to-ensure-5-year-unity-govt/