today, ASX is bullish. OMH Open 0.945, now 0.97. Western media already start reporting FeSi ATH, further due to chinese golden week. Japan, India all price due to china buyer try to secure supply

https://investor.ferroglobe.com/static-files/5859bd42-1981-4590-bf8f-30ff82f92394
https://investor.ferroglobe.com/static-files/2cc8cd6c-0135-4bea-98f8-70db56362954

its actually Ferroglobe Qr for Q1 & Q2, 2021...

reading for the purpose of understanding

few article to build some sense of how big is OMH compare to its neighbor PEER ( Pertama & Sakura, in samalaju)

PERTAMA FERROALLOYS
https://docplayer.net/42738654-Pertama-ferroalloys-new-integrated-ferroalloy-producer.html

Sakura Ferroalloys
https://www.sumitomocorp.com/en/jp/news/release/2016/group/20160516_1

will try to gauge Ferroglobe...through their annual report

very good read, on history of OMS

https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/om-sarawak-raises-its-ferrosilicon-manganese-alloy-output/

now only they update....repaste the link for future reference.

https://www.omholdingsltd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021.09.28-UOBKH_Commodities-Rally-Continues-to-Gain-Momentum.pdf

thanks, SeaPearl.
the report mention by stonest, is not at OMH website...yet

the IB report from stonest link, is really bullish on commodities,
Aluminium, Tin, Fesi.

i make some from pmetal, will re-enter at dip...to get some on the strong quarter ahead.
MSC, i really dont know much, and wont enter.

i did some reading on why suddenly Fe Si up, coz its been around for so long.

https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/3988925/FOCUS-What-is-driving-up-ferro-silicon-prices-in-China.html

thanks, i had a look.

found something interesting from element 25.

https://www.element25.com.au/site/PDF/f9dcb849-24c3-493c-98e2-790d70e9cceb/Element25GrantedPatentforHighPurityManganeseProcess

OMH receive manganese shipment from E25.

purebull, most probably will be OMH, which own OMS The neighbor of PMETAL, using the same source of RE. riding on ATH ferro alloy price, with local partner CMSB (25%)

the recent double listing (ASX and KLSE) company in June 21.

time will tell

stonest, can share the uob repoet link here?
i cant find it anywhere

too early to say.....early Oct will start to show ....coz expectation on Q3 End Oct is quite high.

OMH at ASX now at AUD$0.96, direct convertion is RM 2.92.
so far, havent heard those who had 2 account (ASX, & KLSE) and do transfer.

https://www.omholdingsltd.com/investor-relations/shareholder-services/

The OMH share register is managed by Computershare Investor Services Pty Limited. To view information relating to your security holding, or to update your security holding details, please visit https://www-au.computershare.com/Investor.

You will be required to enter your Security Reference Number (SRN) or Holder Identification Number (HIN) as shown on your Issuer Sponsored/CHESS statements and other personal details such as your postcode. If you are already a member of Investor Centre, enter your User ID and password.

Fungibility of OMH Shares
All shares quoted on both the ASX and Bursa Malaysia will be fully fungible. Shareholders holding OMH shares on the Australian share register may request to remove their shares to the Malaysian share register for trading on Bursa Malaysia. OMH shareholders are recommended to consult their existing broker (s) for steps to open a trading account/CDS account and trade on ASX/Bursa Malaysia. Please refer to the information sheet and FAQ here for more information.

OMH at ASX now at AUD$0.95

https://www.google.com/finance/quote/OMH:ASX?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwia0Ym_-53zAhUexzgGHUMBCzgQ_AUoA3oECAEQDQ

refresh

https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/new-straits-times/20210623/281758452252582

100% fully vaccinated OMS
https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=250193153776056&set=a.145126920949347

probably the reason of PMBtech rise

https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2257302-chinas-silicon-export-prices-up-60pc-with-energy-curbs

annual report 2019
read back chairman briefing to validation

https://www.openbriefing.com/AsxDownload.aspx?pdfUrl=Report%2FComNews%2F20200427%2F02228349.pdf

end of Oct, Qr will be out.
by that time, we will know.

might top up further when it dips a little to below rm3.

after reading alot,
start to see the overall momentum and situation.

at least by Q4, 2021, the FeSi is still bullish.

some mention possible of Aus 2 TP in the copper forum, that is quite alot, with their simple estimate.

i can only see the qr result n further add when it dip

thanks, Jking.

i didnt know any other smelting counter, other than pmetal, pmbtech etc.....their PE is definitely not 4, mostly more than 50.

can someone help to calculate what is the PE if OMH hit revenue as per YR 2018 or more.....

ehhh.....LU again....

but havent seen any announcement from ASX side.....i only see Ferroglobe spike up today

eh.....i wish the OMH management can officially transfer more share from ASX to KLSE....

otherwise, the share price is not stable, gap btwn bid is too wide.

if angmo dont like it, let malaysian have it.

China cap on energy comsumption (all this metal factory (coal power?) is being order to reduce operation) - this factor i got over look, thanks to one of the forumer (bignews) mention it
and FeSi price (angmo said follow ferroglobe price for ease of seaching pricing) is the key, thanks to forumer VTrade on pricing reference

OMH is somewhere in the middle (samalaju smelter location),
OMH also pmetal neighbor, and using bakun hydro power (ESG comply and no cap), distance to harbor is within 10km, can send end product or receive raw material

plus OMH half sales is not committed, is based on spot price.

I really looking for the Qr result

Exploration wise, it is almost 99% sure, coz they drill the appraisal well in historical mineral rich basin sector, i think they going to increase their stake to 60% subject to bryah partner want to pump in or not.

benchmark

Ferroglobe PLC
8.88 USD
+7.30 (462.03%)year to date

https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&rlz=1C1GCEB_enMY954MY954&sxsrf=AOaemvI_ZJB6c0IxJXx-hw7FNiktMQ0UxA:1632451036922&q=NASDAQ:+GSM&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAONgecRowS3w8sc9YSn9SWtOXmPU5OIKzsgvd80rySypFJLmYoOyBKX4uXj10_UNDZMq0iorq1JMeRaxcvs5Brs4BlopuAf7AgDt4inuSwAAAA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmtayBypbzAhU54XMBHQLUD3oQsRV6BAg3EAM&biw=1745&bih=890&dpr=1.1

China ferro-silicon price close to all-time high
The price of ferro-silicon in China has been on an upward trend since May 2021, and sentiment has become bullish since August with the price now close to an all-time high, according to Fastmarkets data.

Fastmarkets’ price assessment for ferro-silicon 75% Si min, in-whs China, rose to 10,800-11,000 yuan ($1,673-1,704) per tonne on Wednesday September 1, up by 8.16% from 9,800-10,400 yuan per tonne on August 25.
The corresponding price assessment for ferro-silicon 75% Si min, export, fob China, rose to $2,200-2,300 per tonne on the same day, up by 10% from $2,000-2,100 per tonne on August 25.
And the assessment for ferro-silicon 75% Si min, cif Japan, rose to $2,230-2,350 per tonne on Wednesday, up by 12% from $2,000-2,100 per tonne on August 25.
Production cuts and power restrictions in the main ferro-silicon production hubs in China, such as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, added tightness to spot market availability.
Ningxia tightened its controls on ferro-silicon production in early August with 10 ferro-silicon furnaces to be shut down in Zhongwei

price got move a bit.

Bulk Ferroalloys Market, By Product

• Ferrosilicon (FeSi)
• Ferromanganese (FeMn)
• Ferrochromium (FeCr)

https://www.omholdingsltd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021.07.29-ASX-OMH-June-2021-Quarterly-Production-and-Market-Update.pdf

CORPORATE
 The Company successfully completed its secondary listing process by debuting on
the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad (“Bursa Malaysia”) on 22 June
2021, with a listing reference price of RM2.57 per share with a total of 16.8 million
shares initially made available for trading on the listing day
 As at 27 July 2021, a total of 59,129,887 shares are listed on Bursa Malaysia and
679,493,450 shares listed on the Australian Securities Exchange

Liquidity improved

27-Jul-21 22-Jun-21
KLSE 59.1 ~16.8
ASX 679.5 ~721.2

Available 8.70% 2.33%
share
in KLSE

Euroz Hartleys said benchmark can refer to Ferroglobe
here is some of the summary for Ferroglobe on Q2, 2021
https://investor.ferroglobe.com/news-releases/news-release-details/ferroglobe-reports-results-second-quarter-2021

Q2 2021 Earnings Highlights

In Q2 2021, Ferroglobe posted a net profit of $0.7 million, or $0.01 per share on a fully diluted basis. On an adjusted basis, the Q2 2021 net profit was $3.0 million, or $0.02 per share on a fully diluted basis.

Q2 2021 reported EBITDA was $31.9 million, up from ($18.9) million in the prior quarter. On an adjusted basis, Q2 2021 EBITDA was $34.1 million, up from adjusted EBITDA of $22.1 million in Q1 2021. The Company reported an adjusted EBITDA margin of 8.1% for Q2 2021, compared to 6.1% for Q1 2021.

Marco Levi, Ferroglobe’s Chief Executive Officer, commented,
“The second quarter results reflect a strong improvement in our overall performance and marks the return to profitability, an important goal for this year. Both the top line and bottom line continue to strengthen due to successful execution of the strategic plan, as well as the overall robustness across our all of our markets.”

Dr. Levi added,
“As we look towards the back half of the year, we will keep the momentum going on all fronts to capitalize on the market opportunities and successfully execute some critical initiatives underpinning the strategic plan. Collectively, these efforts support the focus on improving the core of our business and ensuring a stronger and more profitable Company.”

Price Target
We (Euroz Hartleys) increase our price target to $1.37 (from $1.19)

i convert directly (not adding the 5-10% due to arbitage )
AUS $1.37 would be MYR 4.16 (currently price is MYR 2.30)

finally, someone noticed.

High grade manganese for EV battery (replace the litium pack)
metal silicon will be by end of this year, after they convert the furnace.

because the share unit is limited, bid gap is quite big,
very hard to accumulate at fare price when it start to rise ( too fast to catch, and limited share unit)

very high potential for either bonus issue/split or the director to transfer share unit from ASX to KLSE

its already confirmed that China is cuttin their portion of pie due to energy ESG limit, on coming Sep/ Oct &Nov & Dec.

its will benefit OMH for sure.

if complement with good new from exploration (OMH will increase their stake to 60%), ASX side will spike and KLSE will follow

https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2021/09/14/oms-jv-starts-drilling-in-bryah-basin

Brumby Creek Prospect
https://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/companies/news/927535/bryah-resources-high-grade-hits-confirm-brumby-creek-as-major-new-manganese-find-927535.html

Bryah Resources’ high-grade hits confirm Brumby Creek as major new manganese find
New drilling results from the Bryah Basin JV prospect demonstrate the potential for a direct shipping-grade ore operation.

https://metalexpert.com/en/latestissue?select=MK_CLOBALEBF&issue=112

The Yunnan government has also instructed aluminium producers to keep their monthly output during September-December below actual production in August. Combined production of major smelters, including Yunnan Aluminium, Yunnan Shenhuo Aluminium, Yunnan Hongtai New Materials and Yunnan Qiya Metal, is expected to fall to 3.21mn t this year compared with their total capacity of 4.48mn t/yr. Only 2.75mn t/yr of capacity at these smelters is currently in operation.

also benefit to PMETAL

verification of scenario or trending

June 21:
Market participants expect Chinese magnesium prices to increase further in the coming days as producers float even higher offer prices in response to stronger ferro-silicon feedstock prices
https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2221618-higher-fesi-costs-to-support-chinas-mg-rally

14 Sep 21:
Chinese silicon metal prices have risen sharply this week, with market participants expecting them to continue their uptrend in the coming two weeks on an expected fall in supplies as energy consumption controls intensify in the major production hub of Yunnan province.
https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2253794-chinas-si-prices-near-15year-high-on-energy-curbs

Yunnan's development and reform commission imposed an energy consumption control policy on 11 September, aimed at cutting the province's average monthly production of silicon metal during September-December by 90pc from August output, which was estimated by market participants at around 60,000-70,000t.

so the next Qr (Q3) result <September 2021 Quarterly Production and Market Update>
will probably in annouce in 29 October 2021

which is the begining of 2H 2021, Qr result

not sure why the financial or quaterlly report is not share in i3 (KLSE or ASX)
even though, say its dual listing, but the amount of share available to trade in KLSE is way less than ASX.

have to check at OMH website
https://www.omholdingsltd.com/investor-relations/quarterly-reports/



29 July 2021
June 2021 Quarterly Production and Market Update

30 April 2021
March 2021 Quarterly Production and Market Update

28 January 2021
December 2020 Quarterly Production and Market Update

29 October 2020
September 2020 Quarterly Production and Market Update

30 July 2020
June 2020 Quarterly Production and Market Update

30 April 2020
March 2020 Quarterly Production and Market Update

29 January 2020
December 2019 Quarterly Production and Market Update

28 October 2019
September 2019 Quarterly Production and Market Update

29 July 2019
June 2019 Quarterly Production and Market Update

29 April 2019
March 2019 Quarterly Production and Market Update

9 January 2019
December 2018 Quarterly Production and Market Update

25 October 2018
September 2018 Quarterly Production and Market Update

30 July 2018
June 2018 Quarterly Production and Market Update

30 April 2018
March 2018 Quarterly Production and Market Update

29 January 2018
December 2017 Quarterly Production and Market Update

30 October 2017
September 2017 Quarterly Production and Market Update

31 July 2017
June 2017 Quarterly Production and Market Update

28 April 2017
March 2017 Quarterly Production & Market Update

26 January 2017
December 2016 Quarterly Production and Market Update

31 October 2016
September 2016 Quarterly Production and Market Update

29 July 2016
June 2016 Quarterly Production & Market Update

26 April 2016
March 2016 Quarterly Production & Market Update

29 January 2016
December 2015 Quarterly Production and Market Update

not sure how to convert the Angmo TP in Aussie dollar into MYR (think need to added +10% on top of convertion)

http://www.omholdingsltd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021.09.01-Euroz-Report_How-to-build-a-simple-model.pdf

Price Target
We (Euroz Hartleys) increase our price target to $1.37 (from $1.19)


Result Summary
y OMH reported 1H NPAT of $17.5m. No DPS;
y EBITDA was $63.4m. Operating cashflow was $11.7m, lower than
EBITDA mainly due to the low utilisation in 1H meant that unused
electricity is paid for (cash), but booked as inventory in the P&L (ie a
consequence of the take-or-pay electricity contract);
y Net debt was $329m (down from $354m at end December);
y Selling prices remain very strong. The Company reports that “The
price of FeSi has been supported in 1H 2021 due to policy changes
relating to power consumption in Inner Mongolia, reducing supply
from the largest FeSi producing region in China.”
y Platts reported that prices of FeSi continued an upward trend from
December 2020, closing at US$1,465 per metric tonne CIF Japan at
the end of March 2021, and continued to rally to close at US$1,920
per metric tonne CIF Japan at the end of June 2021. The price of
SiMn to Japan also closed higher at US$1,280 per metric tonne CIF
Japan at the end of March 2021, and continued to increase to close at
US$1,545 per metric tonne CIF Japan at the end of June 2021;

Manganese Outlook 2021: What's ahead?

New manganese mines are coming online, in parallel with iron ore expansion, across the globe. Prevailing theory is that global infrastructure is in need of maintenance and replacement, particularly since the 2008 global financial crisis, and it is expected that governments will continue to use infrastructure to stimulate economic recovery as we emerge into a post COVID-19 world.

Be that as it may, outside of its steel applications, manganese is quietly turning into a significant component in the EV and hybrid electric vehicle market with developing demand expected.

The questions one should be asking are the following:

1) Q-Why should a potential investor invest in manganese stocks?

A-Multiple Gigafactories are being opened up for the EV and hybrid vehicle industry, replacing the internal combustion (IC) engine. The US Government has committed to replacing all federal IC vehicles to EV.

2) Q-Why is the current rechargeable battery industry that supplies the EV and hybrid electric vehicle industry in search of additional raw materials.

A-Forecasts predict an explosion in demand for manganese at 23% annually per year until 2030.

3) Q-How will the newly proposed battery chemistry reconfiguration of cobalt, lithium, nickel, and manganese proportions impact the emerging environmentally friendly and clean energy industries?

A- By eliminating the cobalt in the original NMC batteries and increasing to 33% the percentage of manganese, drastically reducing the cost of the battery and dramatically enhancing its performance, the choice is clear.

4) Q-What are the primary reasons driving domestic production of raw materials, captivating manufacturers, and charging the impetus to fabricate the key components for the EV and hybrid electric vehicles components locally?

A- Opening a supply chain between Canada and the US and having manganese (as one of the 35 defined critical elements) provided locally, benefiting both countries will eliminate the need for foreign imports and continue to promote an environmentally friendly mining environment.

5) Q-Why should financial backers be interested in Canadian Manganese deposits that can produce a high-quality Manganese end product, a significant factor in the worldwide EV and hybrid industry, energy backup power storage and rechargeable battery markets?

A-We can develop a superior manganese product by eliminating selenium (which is highly toxic to the environment) in the production process, now dominant of 98% of the world’s battery grade MNSO4, while being competitive worldwide but remaining in our own backyard.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Manganese Stocks

2020 brought uncertainty to the manganese space when Covid-19 hit, affecting market segments around the globe. The first country to see it’s demand for manganese impacted was China, as the steel production rebounded in March, when South Africa went into lockdown, leading to the operational shutdown of mines supplying the ferroalloy industry. This led China to raise production by 36 to 38 percent, which led to concerns about future supply.

While South Africa rebounded well with it’s increased shipments to China due to the strong Chinese high steel intensity demand driving it’s recovery from COVID-19 which fueled an increased demand for manganese ore.

Despite this strong demand, supply was even better than anticipated and stockpiles at Chinese ports witnessed a heavy increase, peaking in early December. The rising stocks kept a lid on any significant price recovery during Q2 2020.

Steel production was significantly low in the second quarter outside China, recovering slowly in Q3 and picking up well in Q4.

The Core Facets Surrounding Manganese

● Manganese is an essential and irreplaceable element used in steel production.

● The steel industry projects a 2% growth per annum.

● Manganese is a significant, essential component of the rapidly growing electric vehicle market

● Manganese’s clean energy applications are an upside and makes it preferable to Cobalt and it’s ethically challenged sourcing issues.

● Manganese enhanced batteries are more robust, higher density and much less toxic than Cobalt

● Manganese is far less expensive per ton to produce than Cobalt.

● The forward momentum of manganese will be driven by integrated companies that are disrupting the currently saturated vertical market segments.

The Demand and Supply of Manganese

As mentioned earlier, the steel and construction sector continue to represent the most significant demand for manganese. Altogether, this industry is responsible for 85 to 90 percent of all manganese purchases, utilizing it as a deoxidizing and desulfurizing additive as an important alloying constituent. Manganese’s elemental qualities have been important in continuing to improve the strength, durability, and solidity of steel.

Steel area industry demand was a vital driver of manganese’s value a year ago and it continues to fundamentally drive total demand. New infrastructure projects that impact the need for manganese in countries like America, Japan, and China, are on the increase which was unusual in years past for manganese utilization which was usually driven up by the steel business.

“As new infrastructure projects come online, like Biden’s new $2 trillion infrastructure plan that is being touted as the most important transformational effort of the 21st century, manganese demand will continue to increase,” explains Martin Kepman.

Of course, manganese has other applications too, with the disposable and rechargeable battery space slotted as the second largest buyer of manganese today next to the steel industry. Many experts accept that manganese's demand is all set for a rapid increase, driven by the future electric vehicle (EV), hybrid vehicle and energy backup storage device manufacturing industries.

Manganese dioxide was traditionally used as a depolarizer in alkaline batteries. However, this is no longer the most important characteristic of utilization for the battery market that is most attractive for manganese. Today, it is the lithium-ion battery chemistry infused with manganese that is becoming the major interest. The rechargeable battery and backup power storage industry that will be requiring more and more manganese to incorporate in lithium-manganese oxide batteries and lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide batteries.

Electrolytic manganese dioxide is used as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries. The investment community believes that it’s extremely likely that the demand for manganese will spike as it’s importance in the improved battery chemistry application in lithium-ion batteries continues to grow and will become the electric gold of the future.

“We foresee greater demand for manganese arising from electric vehicle EV expansion, resulting in an upward price for manganese,” explains CEO Martin Kepman:

1) Tesla’s projected to put into operation 5 new Gigafactories around the world in the next 5 years

2) 6 new Gigafactories planned by Volkswagen by 2030

3) Ford is using its signature 150 pickup truck series and launching their lightning EV 150 truck, which also converts into a generator, to lead the charge. Ford is forecast to invest 22 billion through 2025 into their Hybrid EV vehicle projects.

4) GM is investing 10 billion dollars in developing 25 EV models

5) China is planning to phase out the internal combustion engine by 2035.

Moreover, recently, there was a spike in the price of manganese briefly in mid-2020 as COVID-19 lockdowns slowed down manganese production.

In the recovery period, China has benefited from a strong infrastructure-focused economic rebound, much earlier than other countries who were managing COVID-19. This results in a promising outlook for Chinese demand in manganese, as their focus on obtaining manganese continues to benefit from the development of their infrastructure projects.

http://www.omholdingsltd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021.09.13-ASX-OMH-BYH-Manganese-Drilling-Underway-in-Bryah-Basin.pdf

- to verify the high grade manganese (>40%)

https://www.omholdingsltd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021.09.03-UOBKH_OM-Holdings-Q2FY21-post-briefing-report.pdf

OM Holdings (OMH MK)
Stronger Earnings Ahead Leveraging On The Rally In Ferroalloy Prices
OMH is set to achieve more robust earnings ahead on the back of a production
recovery and strong ferroalloy prices. We raised our earnings forecast for 2021-23 to
reflect higher ferroalloy prices.

Being the world’s lowest-quartiles-cost manganese
smelter, OMH is expected to post a 3-year net profit CAGR of +150% from 2020,
supported by favourable prices and strong global demand amid the structural supply
shortage.

Maintain BUY with a higher target price of RM3.46.

another article
https://giyanimetals.com/manganese
https://investingnews.com/innspired/manganes-critical-steel-battery-ev-metal/

LITHIUM ION BATTERY MARKET FORECAST
Global Battery Forecast

​

According to a market study prepared exclusively for EMN by CPM Group LLC, dated January 2019, lithium-ion batteries have recorded an extraordinary growth in demand: production of these batteries since 2010 grew at a rate of 25% per annum (CAGR), driven mainly for applications in electric vehicles (EVs). According to the CPM Group market study, demand for batteries for EVs is expected to grow at a CAGR of 35%between 2017 and 2027 and at a slightly slower rate (around 10% CAGR) for the period 2027-2040.



Most Li-ion battery chemistries are using manganese in their cathodes. Some require manganese in the form of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD), but the vast majority require High-Purity Manganese Sulphate Monohydrate (HPMSM).



Battery cell makers have a choice of either buying High-Purity Electrolytic Manganese Metal (HPEMM) and processing it to HPMSM inhouse, or to buy a readymade HPMSM from the third parties. CPM Group LLC expects that as the EV battery industry matures, purchases of HPMSM will increase and the demand for HPEMM will be lower from this sector, but for variety of reasons battery makers would still buy a certain proportion of manganese they require as HPEMM. CPM Group’s base case scenario for the year 2040, assumed 30% satisfaction of battery demand by HPEMM and 70% by HPMSM.



CPM Group’s forecast for manganese use in Li-ion batteries also includes other battery applications like Energy Storage Systems (ESS, grid-electricity storage, or renewable sources electricity storage) and consumer electronics. However, demand from batteries for EVs will account for about 84% of all manganese demand from the battery sector in 2037.

Research and development effort into innovative materials for the manufacture of high performance lithium ion batteries have intensified in recent years.

High-performance Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NMC) lithium-ion batteries are increasingly being used in electric vehicles and other energy storage applications.

These batteries store more energy, take a shorter time to charge, last longer and are considered safer than other commercially-available battery technologies.

As a result, manganese has emerged as an important cathode material and is increasingly being used as a primary ingredient in the production of electric vehicle, electronic and grid storage batteries.

Due to factors such as reliability and the cost of raw materials, NMC battery chemistry is widely expected to be the dominant technology for producing electric vehicles in the foreseeable future.

Early adopters of NMC lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology for electric vehicle (EV) batteries include, amongst others, Volkswagen, General Motors, Nissan, Fiat-Chrysler, BMW, Jaguar, Kia, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai, Renault, Ford and Volvo.

The manufacturing processes and formulations for Li-ion batteries require reliable, high-purity manganese and other battery raw materials to ensure that the batteries meet increasingly demanding performance, safety and durability standards.

They also require precision in battery cell assembly, ensuring battery chemistry is free of impurities.

The introduction of microscopic metal particles or other impurities can trigger a short-circuit leading to malfunction, overheating and potential explosion.

Some NMC cathode producers use nanotechnology to blend high-purity manganese, cobalt and nickel sulphates and to prepare cathode surface coatings for lithium ion battery cathodes.

The absence of harmful impurities and consistency of these materials is imperative in the high-quality NMC cathode manufacturing process.

The manganese raw materials for the precursor cathode materials of NMC batteries can be supplied in the form of high-purity manganese metal or high-purity manganese sulphate.

https://www.mn25.ca/manganese

Manganese is critical to the production of virtually every type of steel. This accounts for about 90% of annual manganese demand.

On average, a tonne of steel produced contains 0.5 to 1% manganese, and some steel alloys can contain up to 15% manganese

A notable function of manganese is in the storage and supply of electricity from batteries, including rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and non-rechargeable alkaline cells.

Manganese demand is rapidly increasing in the swiftly expanding field of rechargeable electrical storage, which enables safe storage of high-energy capacity – often recharged from renewable energy sources.

Demand for high-purity manganese metal and high-purity manganese sulphate is expected to increase dramatically in the foreseeable future, driven largely by an expansion of electric vehicle production and grid storage devices capacity in Asia, Europe and North America.

Variants of Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NMC) battery cathode chemistries are widely anticipated to be the dominant formulations in the rapidly growing market for electric vehicles.

there had been story of <Manganese: the next hot battery metal>,
a good read, i dont write article, so just post n share in message form.
though the article seem like promote ASX stock counter >.<, just take it as base to proceed further with own analysis.

p/s: from share price trending/ buy sell, seem like got operator? anyway its just a feeling


https://smallcaps.com.au/manganese-the-next-hot-battery-metal/

- focus is more on high purity manganese (HPM), which can be used as a cheaper substitute for cobalt in nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) battery cathodes.

In recent weeks, the battery maker Tesla and VW, the world’s biggest car maker has committed to cathodes with higher manganese content, no cobalt and reduced nickel for mid-performance vehicles.

German chemical giant BASF has unveiled plans to bolster investment in battery cathode materials, including … you guessed it … manganese-rich stuff.

Handymax-size vessel
http://septrans.in/dry-cargo-vessels/

150-200 m long
The Handy and the newer version, the Handymax, are boats traditionally used for dry cargo and at least 60,000 TPM. A Handymax is normally 150-200 m long (length). They are the most common types of cargo ships and can enter in any port, thanks to their size.