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[转帖] 加碼攤平是好的投資策略嗎?

Tan KW
Publish date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013, 05:26 PM
Tan KW
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Good.

 

最近股市最出名的,不是阿土伯,而是張太太。張太太於1000元時買進宏達電,之後股價隨即大漲至1300元,但沒多久卻跌至三位數。由於不少外資對宏達電的目標價上看1500元,甚至有喊到2000元的,張太太於是加碼攤平宏達電,一路攤到400元,然而宏達電到股東會時已跌破250元,張太太共投入1000萬元,已慘賠6、7百萬。

由於以上悲慘的投資事件層出不窮,很多「長輩」都苦口婆心的告訴我們,買股票千萬不能攤平,否則會越攤越平。然而,14年平均報酬率高達29%的麥哲倫基金操盤人-彼得林區卻告訴我們:「若股票下跌,但基本面仍看好,就不該賣掉,甚至要加碼買進。」投資到該不該加碼攤平呢?

 

其實要看買進股票的種類。更精確的說,應該是你買進股票的心態。若你買的是景氣循環股,那你應該要抱持點「投機」的心態,既然是投機,加碼攤平的下場,當然就是傾家蕩產了!

若你投資的是業績成長股,那你買的是一股「趨勢」,既然是趨勢,就需由營收穫利來確認趨勢是否改變,若營收、獲利趨勢已由強轉弱,也絕不能加碼攤平。

若你投資的是績優價值股,那你買進的就是公司的「價值」,在確認公司價值沒有轉壞的情況下,是可以進行加碼買進的。

以下我們詳細介紹此三種類型股票的加碼方式:

1. 景氣循環股 – 絕不加碼攤平

最不適合加碼攤平的,就是景氣循環股。老實說,景氣循環股並不適合「投資」,只適合「投機」。投資與投機的差別,在於未來的可預測性。景氣循環股的特性,就是產業供需變動性大,產品報價難以掌握,故公司的獲利與股價皆難以預測,故不適合做加碼攤平的動作。

以中鋼(2002)為例,2011年第二季時,公司EPS連兩年上揚,公司對未來的展望也相當樂觀。股價部分,中鋼於2011年7~8月大幅回檔,從前波高點35.8跌至最低點28.85,跌幅超過24%。由於中鋼是產業龍頭,倒閉機率低,不少投資人在此刻大幅加碼攤平。然而第三季起,鋼的供需開始逆轉,鋼價開始向下修正,中鋼的獲利與股價也跟著快速滑落。直至今日,中鋼還沒有回到30元以上,投資人慘糟套牢的命運。

2002

圖一:中鋼(2002)EPS走勢圖,統計時間2008.01.01~2013.3.31
資料來源:財報狗

 

2. 業績成長股 – 營收成長動能持續,才考慮加碼攤平

買進業績成長股,就是買進一股趨勢,譬如智慧型手機趨勢、觸控趨勢、4G趨勢、自動化趨勢等。在趨勢未改變的情況下,是可以進行加碼的。要如何確認趨勢未改變呢?參考長短期營收年增率即可。只要短期營收年增率維持在長期營收年增率之上,代表趨勢持續,此時可考慮加碼;若短期營收年增率跌破長期營收年增率,代表趨勢可能出現改變,此時不宜再進行加碼動作。

以宏達電(2498)為例,宏達電於2010年2月時,短期營收年增率穿越長期營收年增率而上,一直到2011年5月時,短期營收年增率才跌破長期營收年增率。也就是說 2010年2月~2011年4月時,短期營收年增率都在長期營收年增率之上,若此時股價回檔,較適合進行加碼攤平的動作;但若在2011年5月後,短期營收年增率維持在長期營收年增率之下,代表宏達電的營收趨勢已轉弱,此時當然不適合進行加碼攤平的動作囉!

2498
圖二:宏達電(2498)EPS走勢圖,統計時間2008.01.01~2012.12.31
資料來源:財報狗

 

3. 績優價值股 – 產業趨勢與競爭優勢未改變,考慮加碼攤平

績優價值股是較適合加碼攤平的類股。買成長股是買一股趨勢,趨勢是容易隨時間改變的;而買績優股則是買一種價值,價值不容易隨時間改變。在績優價值股出現回檔時,重點不是觀察營收,而是要確認公司的「長期產業趨勢」與「長期競爭優勢」是否改變。若這兩個關鍵因素未改變,那麼回檔時就是適合加碼的買進點。

以賣中華豆腐的恆義(4205)為例,恆義多年來獲利穩定,8年來EPS都在1.8~2.5之間。2008年恆義因為金融海嘯出現了大幅回檔,而2011時則因原物料、燃料費、退休金同時上漲導致短暫獲利不佳,股價也出現小幅回檔。但豆腐的長期產業趨勢並未改變,恆義的長期競爭優勢(規模優勢)也沒有受到撼動,故這些回檔都是適合加碼的買進點。

4205
圖三:恆義(4205)EPS走勢圖,統計時間2005.01.01~2012.12.31
資料來源:財報狗

 

最後提醒大家,除非你對投資的公司非常瞭解,否則加碼攤平還是有風險,建議大家以加碼1~2次為限,加碼的時間點也不要太接近,最好拉長至3~6個月以上。

Discussions
3 people like this. Showing 7 of 11 comments

bsngpg

If the broad market is not changed, and the price drop in a counter is due to non severe changes such as Genting which is facing less attractive earning due to GenS and palm oil, I will normally average in after the price downs by 10%.

When the broad market corrects downward, all good counters drop too, just different in magnitude. I will assess few things before averaging cost down on the same counter.
i) There are no better counters. Example, I like Zhulian(in the existing portfolio), but if at that time Maybank drops more than Zhulian and provides better valuation than Zhulian, I will buy Maybank(new to portfolio) instead of averaging cost down on Zhulian.
ii) Exposure to that counter and industry. Example if I have too high exposure on MLM, I would find other counter in other sector for diversification.
iii) Fundamental of that good counter is still intact, solid and visible.
iv) The outlook of the macro economy is not facing high risk, else all good counters may drop further.
Thks

2013-08-17 22:38

bsngpg

Hi Tan KW :
1) I seldom sell. I keep my portfolio for very long term; can say that I fall in a deep love with my selections. I am a big idiot in this perspective as I saw my profit gone with the wind many times along my 20 years investment in Bursa. I will keep on buying along with my money from saving. My wife always complaints that my investment in Bursa is like a Black hole.
2) I will sell for a better counter during normal and bull market. I will sell when I spotted a better counter such as I switched all PIE to GTronic in May 13 after the div (error in my previous posting on GTronic which I said Mar 13).
3) I sell when I assess the market is overpriced, i.e. I sold half of my holding on Zhulian at 2.50 in 2012. At that time, Zhulian was traded at historical high, I felt that the broad market was over heated and I feared of GE too. Till then, Zhulian has seldom traded at PE>10X. It was proven later a big stupid error and blamed by my wife for many times till today as I vowed that investment in Zhulian is an education fund for my lovely daughter since her birth in 2008.
4) I will sell if PE is approaching 15X, i.e. I am in dilemma now if to sell GTronic which is approaching 3.00 with PE ~15X.
5) Normally I sell a lot in bear market. I frequently sell those “not so good counters” in bear market and switch to 5 stars counters. I do not sell those “not so good counters” in bull market as I have an illusion that they can catch up. Most of the people have emotion and illusion in Bursa, me too. That’s why I am not a millionaire yet.
How about you, Tan ?
Thank you

2013-08-18 14:00

Lim Jy Lim

知易行难。

2013-08-18 14:48

bsngpg

Hi Mr Tan KW : I would like to share my genuine thoughts with you.
i) It is now a bull run, whatever I say below is irrelevant and some people may even think, I am wrong.
ii) Let us bring the time back to a bear market or a normal market after a bear. At that time, we always say 6/10 are making lost, 2/10 break even and 2/10 are making profit who are the big fund and cold eye. Is this quote not valid anymore ? If it is still valid, I will never think that I would be one of the last two. What do you think? Who will you be then?
iii) Investing is addictive or sort of gambling. The more money you made from Bursa, the bigger illusion you will have that you are smart and will put in even more money with hope to make even more and faster. During the early bear, you will still think that you are an experience guy, smart and believe the market will rebound soon. I doubt any heavy investors like us will cut lost fast enough during the early bear because if we can do so, in the first place we will not invest so much during the bull-tail.
iv) Do you know what my psychology is now? I am preparing to lose all my current profit plus another 20% loss in my capital. Hopefully not more that 20%, else I will be emotionally down.
v) Making 20% profit per year. If Warren Buffet and Tamasek (S’pore investing arm) cannot make it, is it practical for you to think that you can make it. Many friends claimed that they made it. Congratulation. They are now better than W. Buffet and Tamasek. But do you think they will be so in long run. If yes, W. Buffet can get his successor from M’sia easily and EPF can hire them and distribute much higher return to everybody. What a wonderful world.
vi) Technical analysis: In my opinion (maybe Cold Eye too, I am not sure), TA=time the market=speculating. If TA works, do you think the above 6,2,2 quote is still valid ?
vii) I sense you may repeat my past route trading actively on those “not so established” counters. If I did not do so, I were millionaire already just like冷眼 said in 锁定五星级股票 12/3/2007. I am exactly like that sorry friend. Hopefully I have judged you wrongly. Imaging if your entire fund is in Nestle only, how much better is your return now? You may be a millionaire already.
Thank you.

2013-08-18 17:07

kcchongnz

bsngpg,
Your advice is most appropriate and suited here. I would say the majority of the people here should listen to your experience i order to avoid future regret. However, I doubt many people here would want to listen to your "jong yuen" (honest words) here because they are "neh er" (painful to the ears).

Punters always think of and how they can make 50%, or 100% return within a short period (looking up). However they should end up better if they look down (invest with a margin of safety to avoid heavy losses). Sigh, we are all human, like what this fellow said.

Posted by Lim Jy Lim > Aug 18, 2013 02:48 PM | Report Abuse
知易行难。

2013-08-18 18:02

bsngpg

Hi KC Chong : While writing, I have a bit worry that you may shot me. Now I am relief. TQ

2013-08-18 18:15

bsngpg

Tan KW: we discussed average cost down few days ago. Now i quote you with actual example that I bought CIMB and Genting moment ago for average cost down. May God bless my action.

2013-08-20 12:34

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