Posted by ahbah > 2020-01-11 21:50 | Report Abuse

We all want free education for all up to varsity level.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-11 21:54 | Report Abuse

Ask but demand not what your country can provide free for you. More importantly, ask what you can do and stand up for your country?

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-11 21:55 | Report Abuse

Schoolers need to be taught to recognize/identify this symptom of psychological ill-health.......from young

.....as wise saying goes ' melentur buluh biarlah dari rebungnya'

And refocus instead on.....helping them to build a stable sense of self and strong inner security so that they do not grow up having the need to strengthen their sense of self through by abusing of group identity.

Posted by sctan > 2020-01-12 06:34 | Report Abuse

Malaysia education does not teach you the surviving skills, they are more on creating politicians and civil servants. What they teach is not what the market needs, is what is needed in politics. Other countries find ways to improve the knowledge and skills. Malaysia find ways to give students more time to play, good example is changing to black shoes.

Posted by Sslee > 2020-01-12 09:01 | Report Abuse

Dear all,
I would suggest bringing back art programs as main programs or after-school programs. The arts can include Performing arts education (dance, drama, music) and Visual arts education in oil painting, watercolor painting, acrylic painting, digital arts, crafting and photography.

Art helps children with the development of motor skills, language skills, social skills, decision-making, risk-taking, and inventiveness. Visual arts teach learners about color, layout, perspective, and balance: all techniques that are necessary in presentations (visual, digital) of academic work.

Arts experiences boost critical thinking, teaching students to take the time to be more careful and thorough in how they observe the world. Art education connects students with their own culture as well as with the wider world.

Thank you

Posted by DickyMe > 2020-01-12 09:59 | Report Abuse

I agree with the reintroduction of ARTS which is key to CREATIVITY skill. Besides arts, we should have the industrial arts classes (carpentry, masonry and electric).

Remove frivolous, mandatory and time wasting subjects like Pendidikan Moral, Ethnic Studies, and TITAS. Make extra-curricular activities as optional.

Remove mandatory pass for Sejarah(History) subject and revamp the syllabus. The current Sejarah content is fictional and propagandic.

Reintroduce Physical education during school hours and not after school.
Seriously look into streamlining school sessions (start and end). Currently ending hours are haphazard. Schools are treated like day-care with these timings.

Make science and maths as a mandatory pass subject.
Bring back LCE/SRP and make it as a filtration exam.
With filtration only the cream of the crop advances.

For those who drops out make them attend vocational classes to carve out their talent.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:03 | Report Abuse

Wow.....all your suggestions should be taken seriously.....if our moe is serious about beefing up the system

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:08 | Report Abuse

Physical education during school hours....our kids' mitochondria and metabolism are so lame.......one in three will get diabetes when they turn adults

After all, strong heart and better perfusion to the brain, make students remember and think better.

Education is to produce sapiens the wise, not zombies the thoughtless freak

Posted by 5354_ > 2020-01-12 10:08 | Report Abuse

What developed countries has but not M'sia? How to be develop country like them?

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:14 | Report Abuse

Current Sejarah content is fictional and not impactful. Even locally certified lawyers who are supposed to be excellent in history, could not differentiate a cultural celebration from a religious one.....what a world laughing stock they become.

If optional, many students will opt to drop this lame and fictional subject - a total time waster.

One in six adolescence become depressed and harbour suicidal ideation.....gues this particular subject contribute a lot

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:16 | Report Abuse

What a short cut way to stop them from hating schooling!

But when there is no will.....they will see no way and find excuses!

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:18 | Report Abuse

Learn how to ride camels (relevant here in equator????) and sampan (grabboat for my homeland Sarawak?) as main stream!??? OMG

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:21 | Report Abuse

Invincible got his point. In the 21st Century, moe must differentiate clearly - what is hobby stuff and what should be public funded main stream stuff.

What the country needs in the next 20-50 years .....

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:25 | Report Abuse

"The future belongs to those who possess creativity! Yet our schools are producing shallow one sided woods who are no use for the future!"


I like this quote, but thoughtless zombies are still very much needed in the fields like military and political yes-man....

....until smart killer drone and creative thinker AI yes man replace them enbloc from 2030 onward

Posted by DickyMe > 2020-01-12 10:29 | Report Abuse

@Invincible

You have a narrow view. Technical knowledge is rigid and lacks expansion. Arts, let your mind explore the unknowns and create mesmerising things. Even a technical savvy person need to have some creativity to produce tech based product. Your mind must visualise the concept in your head before production.

We are not insisting that everyone must take up arts. Compelling will not work on young minds because the talented will rebel and subsequently it dies within him/her.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:31 | Report Abuse

Tan Sri Rick Walker So now our schoolgoing children spend extra hour in schools to learn jawi! So they go back 4pm! Forget lunch, they will have to
stay hungry and only eat their lunch at 4pm!

___________

Faster and faster pace of this century, coupled with an ever increasing stress and degree of uncertainty, we must ensure the kids are not over burdened with skills which are unlikely to help them to out bread to their family dining tables.

Otherwise, we gonna hear lots of parents demanding free meals for their kids in schools, free education from pre school to phD......

.......and single demanding free wedding parties and gifts

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:41 | Report Abuse

What afterlife to look forward to for zombies? Hell or heaven?

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:44 | Report Abuse

" Remove frivolous, mandatory and time wasting subjects like Pendidikan Moral, Ethnic Studies, and TITAS. "

Most sensible and reasonable parents, grandparents and greatgrandparents (like me) want these to be removed from the main stream

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:45 | Report Abuse

Just let them learn about laws so that they do not violate any law unintentionally

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 10:56 | Report Abuse

".....we should have the industrial arts classes (carpentry, masonry and electric)."

Oh yes - these could be future spaiens' past times.

In the future, sapiens may live in their smart home, with a green garden that is fully managed by drones - planting vege, rearing chicken

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 11:06 | Report Abuse

Invincible got his point. In the 21st Century, moe must differentiate clearly - what is hobby stuff and what should be public funded main stream stuff.

Priority of educational funding using tax must be given what the country really needs to stay competitive in the next 20-50 years .....

Posted by yfchong > 2020-01-12 11:06 | Report Abuse

Just look into Pisa assessment we would know where our education level stands.. They are the future leader

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 11:08 | Report Abuse

"Make science and maths as a mandatory pass subject."

Oh yes......otherwise, soon they are eligible to be wise man (sapoens sapiens) .......when to laggard in scientific knowledge.......just like chimp in modern cities

How many of them can undertand an article like this one:

New study sheds light on evolutionary origin of oxygen-based cellular respiration

Researchers at the RIKEN SPring-8 Center in Harima, Japan have clarified the crystal structure of quinol dependent nitric oxide reductase (qNOR), a bacterial enzyme that offers clues on the origins of our earliest oxygen-breathing ancestors. In addition to their importance to fundamental science, the findings provide key insights into the production of nitrogen oxide, an ozone-depleting and greenhouse gas hundreds of times more potent than carbon dioxide.


OR this article:

Are prions related to the emergence of early life?

DNA and RNA are the modern cellular molecules related to the storage and processing of the genetic information. However, in the Earth primeval environment conditions, these two molecules are far from being the best option for this function due to their great complexity and sensibility to heat. Experiments have been showing that proteins are very stable and reliable molecules even in very extreme conditions and, under certain circumstances, could be related to the transmission of certain phenotypes that are inherited in a non-Mendelian manner. Prions, infective proteins ......

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 11:16 | Report Abuse

Or this article:

Evolution - Latest Evidence

Scientists had observe something amazing: the evolution of a completely new species, in the wild, in real-time. And it took just two generations.

Genomic sequencing and the analysis of physical characteristics have confirmed the new species of Darwin's finch.

There are at least 15 species of Darwin's finches - it's two of these species that came together in what is called species hybridisation to create an entirely new one.

Hybrid species are often sterile, or reproduce with difficulty - and that did not prove to be the case with these new chicks. A new lineage began - it had to.

The birds had a different song from G. fortis, as well as different beak size and shape, and these are what the finches use to attract mates. Reproductively, the new species was completely isolated, and had to mate within its own kind to survive.

Nonetheless, it was an uphill battle. During droughts on the island in 2002-2003, when the new lineage was in its fourth generation, all but two of the birds died.

Then they rallied.

"When the rains came again, the brother and sister mated with each other and produced 26 offspring," Rosemary Grant said in an interview last year.

"All but nine survived to breed - a son bred with his mother, a daughter with her father, and the rest of the offspring with each other - producing a terrifically inbred lineage."

Because the hybrid finches were bigger than the native populations, they were able to access previously unexploited food choices, and survive. At the Grants' most recent visit to the island in 2012, they counted 23 individuals and 8 breeding pairs of the birds.

This success means, the researchers noted, that hybridisation could have occurred many times in Darwin's finches in the past, resulting in new species that either became extinct or evolved to become the species we know today.

Charles Darwin, if still alive, would have been on cloud nine.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 11:19 | Report Abuse

Or this article:

PRE-ATOMIC/GENOMIC OR SUBATOMIC/EPIGENETIC ERA: HUMAN AND HIS IMAGINARY PERSONIFIED SUN

In the solar myth, the death of the “old sun” occurs as the length of daylight decreases and becomes its lowest at the Winter Solstice which begins on the midnight of December 21 (early morning December 22) and ends on Midnight December 24 (early morning December 25). The sun stop moving south on December 22, it is then at its lowest point in the Northern Hemisphere, residing in the vicinity of the Southern Cross. It stays at this lowest point for three days (December 22, 23, 24 appearing to not moving south or north and was considered “dead”

It “returned to life” at midnight on December 24/ early morning December 25, when it begins its northern journey again and the hours of sunlight start to lengthen. Therefore, the ancient said that the SUN was born on December 25. As a result, mistletoes, holly, wreaths, cakes, gifts, greeting cards and feasts were done to honour the Sun, the undisputable life-giving sun that has the miraculous inexhaustible power to nourish everything, and helping to facilitate agricultural, etc.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 11:20 | Report Abuse

The rest of Abrahamic fictions that followed are history

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 11:21 | Report Abuse

....or omitted history

Posted by tigerball > 2020-01-12 11:34 | Report Abuse

bring hang tuah back

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 12:26 | Report Abuse

....and the fact that Parameswara (1344 – 1414), the Hindu prince from Srivijaya Empire) who was a descendant of Alexander the Great.

Parameswara lived in Palembang as a prince within the Srivijayan empire but conquest forced him and many others to flee Palembang. Parameswara in particular sailed to Temasek to escape persecution and came under the protection of Temagi, a Malay chief from Patani who was appointed by the King of Siam as Regent of Temasek.

Within a few days, Parameswara killed Temagi and appointed himself as regent. Some 5 years later he had to leave Temasek due to threats from Siam. During this period, Temasek was also attacked by a Javanese fleet from Majapahit.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 12:30 | Report Abuse

Alexander III of Macedon ( 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon[a] and a member of the Argead dynasty.

He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders.

Alexander the Great had a profound effect on world history. His conquests covered the entire known world at the time, and he was responsible for the spread of Greek culture throughout the ancient world. In Babylon in 323 BC, Alexander died when he was nearly 33 years old. Possible explanations for his death have included alcoholic liver disease and strychnine poisoning, but little data support either condition as the cause of his death. Alexander most likely died from malaria or typhoid fever, which were rampant in ancient Babylon. The description of his final illness from the royal diaries is consistent with typhoid fever or malaria but is most characteristic of typhoid fever.

Posted by DickyMe > 2020-01-12 12:30 | Report Abuse

If anyone happened to have the old history book prior to 1980 please make a digital copy and upload it in pdf format.

History of Malaya: 1400-1959
Jointly published by United Publishers and Peninsular Publications, 1961 - Malay Archipelago and Peninsula - 366 pages

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 12:37 | Report Abuse

Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa is a Malay literary work that gives a romantic account of the history and tales of Kedah.

Although it contains historical facts, there are also many incredible assertions in its accounts. The era covered by the text ranged from the opening of Kedah by Merong Mahawangsa, allegedly a descendant of Alexander the Great of Macedonia too.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 12:49 | Report Abuse

Untwisting history (Honesty begin in schools and history) (Dishonesty, lying and curi too)

Lembah Bujang was a settled society and lasted a long time, as can be seen from the large quantities of Chinese earthenware shards discovered in the area.

A huge iron-smelting site that archaeologists have been excavating since 2009 in Sungai Batu, Kedah, testifies to highly organised industrial activity that dates back to before 500 BCE.Bujang Valley (in Malay, Lembah Bujang) boasts more than 50 ruins of ancient Hindu-Buddhist temples, candi, and related artifacts. The built works date from about the 500BCE-1300CE, making Kedah home to one of the earliest civilisations in Southeast Asia, certainly the region’s oldest Hindu-Buddhist complex.

The remains of an ancient jetty along the Muda river strengthen the case for the area as a major trading post. Using Optically-Stimulated Luminescence (OSL measures the last time quartz sediment was exposed to light) technology, the jetty has been certified as dating to 582 BCE. That makes Sungai Batu the oldest industrial site in Southeast Asia and the jetty the oldest man-made structure. The level of organisation also makes it highly probable that this is the site of the oldest civilisations in Southeast Asia.

By way of comparison, the Sungai Batu ruins are about 1,200 and 1,600 years older than Borobudur on the island of Java (circa ninth century) and Angkor Wat (circa 12th century), respectively.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 12:52 | Report Abuse

Current Truth: What in the universe happened? (Part 1)

Shortly after the Big Bang, the primordial nucleosynthesis happened and generated abundance of hydrogen and helium, i.e. the two lightest elements with an atomic number 1 and 2 respectively, which still dominate over the other elements that are rare compared to them.

Although hydrogen and helium make up respectively ≈ 92 and ≈ 7% of the baryonic matter in the universe, the other elements i.e. the remaining 1% is huge physical masses that have led to the emergence of life.

Within a diameter of over 93 billion light years, containing over 120 to 300 sextillion stars, it is estimated that the there are between 1078 to 1082 atoms ( between ten quadrillion vigintillion and one-hundred thousand quadrillion vigintillion) atoms. in the known, observable universe.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 12:55 | Report Abuse

Current Truth: What in the universe happened? (Part 2) - The Life Cycle Of A Nuclear Reactor 1 'Stars'

The first nuclei were formed a few minutes after the Big Bang, through the process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis. After about 20 minutes, the universe had cooled to a point at which these processes ended.

Stars form from an accumulation of gas and dust, which collapses due to gravity and starts to form stars. Stars fuse light elements to heavier ones in their cores, giving off energy in the process known as stellar nucleosynthesis. Fusion processes create many of the other elements, up to and including iron.

Once an iron core is produced, the fate of the star is sealed. Since iron will not fuse to produce more energy, energy is lost by the productions of neutrinos through a variety of nuclear reactions. Neutrinos, which interact very weakly with matter, immediately leave the core taking energy with them. The core contracts and the star titers on the edge of oblivion.

As the core shrinks, it increases in density. Electrons are forced to combine with protons to make neutrons and more neutrinos, called neutronization. The core cools more, and becomes an extremely rigid form of matter. This entire process only takes 1/4 of a second.

With a loss of pressure from core, the unsupported regions surrounding the core plunge inward at velocities up to 100,000 km/s. The material crashes into the now-rigid core, enormous temperatures and pressures build up, and the layers bounce upward. A shock wave forms, which accelerates and, within a few hours, explodes from the surface of the star rushing outward at thousands of km/sec.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 12:59 | Report Abuse

Need to ban all these materials.....no room for open discourse, mature debate and rational discussion in an immature, deluded and irrational community

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 13:02 | Report Abuse

Politicking begets politicking - bogging down education

Many non-1st world nations suffer a cowboy state of stagnation whole the rest of the world progresses. At the same time, these countries is plagued by medieval societal issues about ethnicities, identity and religiosity.

In the manufacturing sector, their cowboy-led companies do not invent or use commercially viable technologies.

In the construction sector, labour-intensive inundated with obsolete technology has evolved from beong a solution (of pre-21st century) into a problem (of the 21st century's business model).

In the agricultural industry, revival has been slow, plagued by corruption.

Cowboy education will never go beyond the first version of encyclopaedia.......giving their overweight and diabetes-to-be students and teachers 'a fish a day' for breakfast and lunch, rather than teaching them 'how to fish' properly by understanding the modern world better.......overproducing frogs under the coconut shells by overfunding rote learning and memorization of outdated scripts, compromising budget for facilitating them to keep abreast with new development around the world......helmed by impotent ministers who emphasize form over substance.......ethinicity over meritocracy

How their cowboy nations gonna survive? Just by inflating the people's ego five times a day? And dignity? Just like that?

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 13:05 | Report Abuse

They can waste all the finite energy and resources to hold endless summits and congress - talk and talk till the cows come home, but won't karma hold them back?

Not till they become honest enough to admit that using the obsolete version of knowledge compilations would be a handicap.

Not till they become enlightened enough to set free of their people from imaginary boundaries (irrrelevant to the 21st century) , and encourage them keep abreast to the latest understanding of how the society, world business and universe work

Not till they become prudent enough to stop funding futile effort in limiting and policing the people's mindset - what and how they should think. Just educate them about the current era-appropriate laws.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 13:09 | Report Abuse

Current Truth: What in the universe happened? (Part 3) - The Giant-impact hypothesis and the Formation Of Planet Earth

Planet Theia was orbiting the Sun, nearly along the orbit of Gaia, the proto-Earth. Theia might have eventually perturbed away from that relationship by the gravitational influence of Jupiter and/or Venus, resulting in a collision between Theia and Earth.

Theia could have struck Earth with a glancing blow and ejected many pieces of both the proto-Earth and Theia, those pieces either forming one body that became the Moon or forming two moons that eventually collided and merged to form the Moon.

Evidence published in January 2016 suggests that the impact was indeed a head-on collision and that Theia's remains can be found in both the Earth and the Moon. Additional evidence published this year suggests that Theia may have formed in the outer solar system rather than the inner solar system, thus making it analogous to a Kuiper-Belt object like Pluto, and that much of Earth's water originated on Theia.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 13:11 | Report Abuse

Current Truth: What in the universe happened? (Part 4) - Collision: Double-edge sword - destructive, yet made life possible on earth

The impact between Earth and Theia occurred about 4.4 billion years ago, very early in Earth’s life. That’s when the Earth most likely received most of its carbon, nitrogen, and other volatile chemicals necessary for life to exist.

Theia planet had a sulfur-rich core, while its mantle and crust contained volatiles. When it collided with the Earth, it injected the chemicals necessary for life, like nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and sulfur, into the Earth’s crust. The collision also ejected massive amounts of material into space, which coalesced into the Moon.

For those who are studying the origin of life, the question is no longer whether life could have originated by chemical processes involving nonbiological components. The question instead has become which of many pathways might have been followed to produce the first proto-cells and micro-organisms.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 13:18 | Report Abuse

Current Truth: What on earth happened? (Part 1) - A Long, Hard and Life-defying Snail-paced Crawling To Natural Selection

(Spontaneous Chemical Self-assembly Process In A Very Different Early Environment Without Oxygen Gas Or Protective Earth's magnetic field)

The early Earth’s atmosphere was completely different and beyond our imagination. It could be highly reducing as opposed to oxidizing later days. Energy sources to drive initial chemical reactions available from UV solar radiation, radioactivity, electrical discharges (lightning), cosmic rays and solar wind (ward off by Earth’s magnetic field now). Volcanic and vent energy available near hydrothermal vents.

Certain materials are ambiphilic: they have a polar hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Hydrophilic materials can be dissolved in water. Self-assembly and formation of spheres, or micells, are natural as they permit surface area and free energy reduction. With sufficient concentrations, ambiphilic molecules will form a double-layer structure, or bilayer. Spheres, or bilayer vesicles, formed. High surface tension of water leads to large drops, not individual molecules. Concentration and polymerization of inorganic molecules happened spontaneously, and phospholipids could self-assemble into films forming semi-permeable membranes.

New pathways recently found for nucleotide self-assembly. A simpler abiotic-cum-nonprotein-producing RNA world had once existed. Protein transcription in Archaea and Bacteria have different forms implying they independently formed DNA genomes and methods of transcribing DNA into RNA.

Finally, the first protobiont would have only limited genetic information, but because their properties were heritable, they could be acted on by natural selection. Growth naturally controlled by supersaturation. Mutation (occasional copying errors) and natural selection leads to more stable and faster replicating varieties. Natural refinement to replace RNA by DNA as the repository of genetic information; being double-stranded it is more stable and accurately reproduced.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 13:23 | Report Abuse

See how many 21st Century teachers fail their students, and why students fail themselves by not updating their knowledge to include modern day's god and ghost particles? Still talking about exorcism of tetanus and its risus sardonicus and opisthotonus?

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 13:29 | Report Abuse

Key focus for students in this century:

1. Always ask questions - Socratic method

2. Always stretch mind and thinking beyond Plato's Cave

3. How to look for evidences, and how to use them to accomplish tasks and succeed in life

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 13:56 | Report Abuse

Teach them the country laws and strictly reserve corporal punishment only for students who would otherwise be outlaws.

Let there be more in the forms of educational community services (within the school compound, of course)

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 14:15 | Report Abuse

Real Education Empower Sapiens to Survive Independently, Effectively and Lawfully; and to Shed Clutch Mentality

With fake education, we gonna hear lots of parents demanding free meals for their kids in schools, free education from pre school to phD......

.......and singles demanding free wedding parties and gifts from the state when they tie knot

Posted by Sslee > 2020-01-12 14:32 | Report Abuse

Haha,
I still remember my son a science stream student ask me whether he should go for tuition in Accounting as he would like to take accounting as addition SPM examination subject so that he can get an addition A. I advise him better go and learn some non-examine hobby. He end up as president of his school photography club and it cost me many thousands to support his hobby (Expensive camera and attending photography courses and tours. He graduated from NUS pharmacy study and now working in Singapore).

My wife spends a small fortune in sending our children for addition class on music, dance, drama, drawing, painting, taekwondo and photography.

Thank you

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 14:45 | Report Abuse

Haha.....children are leasehold, not freehold

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 14:51 | Report Abuse

Current Truth: What on earth happened? (Part 2) - A Super-Long Journey To Morality, Revelations and Prayers

Mammals were derived in the Triassic Period (about 252 million to 201 million years ago) from members of the reptilian order Therapsida. The first apes evolved about 25 million years ago and by 20 million years ago were a very diverse group. Within the last 10 million years, however, many ape species became extinct as the earth’s climate cooled and dried and their forested environments changed to woodland and grassland. There are now only about 20 living species of apes ; Great Apes.

Homo erectus, who lived from 1.8 million years ago, invented language and used it to hunt and build boats to colonise remote islands such as Flores in Java and Crete. Evidence narrows the timing of this hominid’s final stand on Java to about 100,000 years ago. They arrived on Java by about 1.6 million years ago. It’s possible that Homo floresiensis, controversial half-sized hominids nicknamed hobbits, and recently reported Homo luzonensis in the Philippines evolved from H. erectus.

Fossil remains of Homo naledi discovered in a South African cave suggest they lived around the same time as our ancestors, the first evidence of another species of hominin coexisting with the first humans in Africa. Both in Africa and Eurasia, H. sapiens Homo who appeared more than 200,000-300000 years ago in East Africa, met with and interbred with archaic humans.

In fact, the signal is discernible: all non-Africans, from the New Guineans to the French to the Han Chinese, carry somewhere between
1-4% Neanderthal (an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago) DNA.

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 14:58 | Report Abuse

What on earth happened? (Part 3) : Toba Catastrophe Theory

The climate in non-tropical regions of the earth experienced a sudden freezing about 70,000 years ago, because of a huge explosion of the Toba volcano that filled the atmosphere with volcanic ash for several years.

This reduced the human population to less than 10,000 breeding pairs in equatorial Africa, from which all modern humans are descended. Being unprepared for the sudden change in climate, the survivors were those intelligent enough to invent new tools and ways of keeping warm and finding new sources of food (for example, adapting to ocean fishing based on prior fishing skills used in lakes and streams that became frozen).

Posted by EngineeringProfit > 2020-01-12 15:17 | Report Abuse

What on earth happened? (Part 4) : A Long Journey To Language and Culture Creation

Modern humans and Neanderthals share a derived version of a transcription factor gene known as FOXP2 that differs from the chimpanzee version by two amino acid replacements. FOXP2 influences the fine-motor control of facial muscles required for the production of speech. modern humans have acquired changes to the regulation of their FOXP2 genes that seem likely to cause their FOXP2 to be expressed differently to that of Homo neanderthalensis.

Combining these genetic hints with the differences in symbolic and cultural behaviour that are evident from the fossil record suggests language arose in our lineage sometime after our split from our common ancestor with Neanderthals, and probably by no later than 150,000 to 200,000 years ago. These considerations suggest that the anatomical, neurological and physiological underpinnings of language are shared among all of humanity. If the capacity for language did evolve more than once, all traces of it seem to have been lost. This conclusion is buttressed by the FOXP2 evidence (all humans share the same derived gene) and by the fact that genetic data point to all modern humans descending from a common ancestor

Fully modern behaviour, including figurative art, music, self-ornamentation, trade, burial rites etc. is evident by 30,000-40,000 years ago.