My Investment Opinions & Strategies

Qualitative Versus Quantitative Stock Analysis

Jason Gilbert Ho
Publish date: Tue, 16 Apr 2019, 03:22 PM
For more information you may reach me at jghocapitalmanagement@gmail.com

There is no investment thesis that does not in some way share its investing theories on the back of a famous investor like warren buffet and charlie munger. I will not seek to use their name and reputation to further my own, but will instead paraphase their thought process and attempt to put my own spin on it.

Good week everyone, I am a private equity investor with 10 years experience, previously working with SE, now on my own using my own money, my wife and family money as well as a few friends who have decided to join my limited partnership. I have finally crossed the RM500,000 mark of assets under management (after 5 years, and after yearly management fees and profit share ), and am feeling confident enough to share my investment philosophy in this wonderful forum. I hope I don't make any big losses, and I certainly wish to get some knowledge from the great sifu's around here ( mr fong siling, mr koon yew yin, mr ooi teik bee, mr tan teng boo, mr s=qr philip, mr choi yi kit, mr lee shung shen, mr 3iii, mr icon8888, and many many more). I hope to meet all these sifu's one day and learn more things from them.

I realized that there are many many investment strategies and trading methods to beat the market, and it is a wonderful thing. I would want to be like bruce lee in his description: "put water in a cup, it becomes the cup; You put water into a bottle it becomes the bottle; You put it in a teapot it becomes the teapot. Now water can flow or it can crash. Be water, my friend"

This is a very interesting topic on making money in the stock market.

Technical Analysis (momentum based)

Fundamental Analysis (intrinsic value oriented)

Qualitative Analysis ( intangibles oriented)

Similar to Bruce Lee, I hope to learn and absorbed as much as I can from everyone here in I3, discard those strategies which don't work for me, and concentrate on the most efficient way to make money long term.

I invite criticism, as it will definitely improve my investing patterns long term and provide me with much in the way of a quality product for my family, my friends and my close investors.

 

Anyway, onwards with my 1st blog, the concept of Qualitative Versus Quantitative Stock Analysis

As a millenial, I spend a lot of time reading and listening to annual reports and AGM's, BRK in particular. Here I highlight minute 1:50:00 for more clarity on the discussion here.

From investopedia:

What is Qualitative Analysis?

Qualitative analysis uses subjective judgment based on non-quantifiable information, such as management expertise, industry cycles, strength of research and development and labor relations. Qualitative analysis contrasts with quantitative analysis, which focuses on numbers found in reports such as balance sheets. The two techniques, however, will often be used together to examine a company's operations and evaluate its potential as an investment opportunity.

Basics of Qualitative Analysis

The distinction between qualitative and quantitative approaches is similar to the difference between human and artificial intelligence. Quantitative analysis uses exact inputs such as profit margins, debt ratios, earnings multiples, and the like. These can be plugged into a computerized model to yield an exact result, such as the fair value of a stock or a forecast for earnings growth. Of course, for the time being, a human has to write the program that crunches these numbers, and that involves a fair degree of subjective judgment. Once they are programmed, though, computers can perform quantitative analysis in fractions of a second, while it might take even the most gifted and highly-trained humans minutes or hours.

Qualitative analysis, on the other hand, deals with intangible, inexact concerns that belong to the social and experiential realm rather than the mathematical one. This approach depends on the kind of intelligence that machines (currently) lack, since things like positive associations with a brand, management trustworthiness, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage and cultural shifts are difficult, arguably impossible, to capture with numerical inputs. 

Understanding People and Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis can sound almost like "listening to your gut," and indeed many qualitative analysts would argue that gut feelings have their place in the process. That does not mean, however, that it is not a rigorous approach. Indeed, it can consume much more time and energy than quantitative analysis.

People are central to qualitative analysis. An investor might start by getting to know a company's management, including their educational and professional backgrounds. One of the most important factors is their experience in the industry. More abstractly, do they have a record of hard work and prudent decision-making, or are they better at knowing – or being related to – the right people? Their reputations are also key: do their colleagues and peers respect them? Their relationships with business partners are also worth exploring since these can have a direct impact on operations.

Company Culture and Qualitative Analysis

The way employees view the company and its management is important. Are they satisfied and motivated, or do they resent their bosses? The rate of employee turnover can indicate employees' loyalty or lack thereof. What does workplace culture say about the company? Overly hierarchical offices promote intrigue and competition and sap productive energy; a sleepy, unmotivated environment can mean employees are mainly concerned with punching the clock. The ideal is a vibrant, creative culture that attracts top talent.

Gathering Data for Qualitative Analysis

Admittedly, gathering data for qualitative analysis can be difficult. Fortune 500 CEOs are not known for sitting down with retail investors for a chat or showing them around the corporate headquarters. In part, Warren Buffett can use qualitative analysis so effectively because people are willing to give him access to their time and information. The rest of us have to sift through news reports and companies' filings to get a sense of managers' records, strategies and philosophies. The management discussion and analysis (MD&A) section of a company's 10-K filing and quarterly earnings conference calls provide a window into strategies and communication styles. Clear, transparent communication and coherent strategies are useful. Buzzwords, evasiveness and short-termism, not so much.

Qualitative Analysis in Context

Customers are the only group more crucial to a company's success than management and employees since they are the source of its revenue. Ironically, if a company places customers' interests before shareholders, it may be a better long-term investment. If feasible, it's a good idea to try being a customer. Say you're considering investing in an airline that has reined in costs, beat earnings estimates in three consecutive quarters and plans to buy back shares. When you try to actually use the airline, however, you find the website bug-ridden, the customer service representatives cranky, the extra fees petty and your fellow passengers resentful. The negative experience tells you that the company has a lack of priority for its customers and to be careful making an investment in the airline.

 

A company's business model and competitive advantage are a vital component of qualitative analysis. What gives the firm an enduring leg up over its rivals? Has it invented a new technology that competitors will find hard to replicate, or that has intellectual property protection? Does it have a unique approach to solving a problem for its customers? Is its brand globally recognized—in a good way? Does its product have cultural resonance or an element of nostalgia? Will there still be a market for it in twenty years? If you can plausibly imagine another company stepping in and doing what this one does just a little bit better, then the barrier to entry may be too low. Why will an un-established company be the one to create or disrupt its chosen market, and why won't it then be replaced in turn?

I think this will be the most difficult part to apply, as it is very difficult to quantify into most businesses, but I will attempt to give an explanation based on a real case of my investment.

I have 4 stocks in my tiny tiny portfolio, all chosen based on my combination of quantitative (i.e fundamental analysia), market momentum (i.e technical analysis), and qualitative ( management capability, competitive advantage, long term prospects).

I take for example Hartalega, which I started a position of in 2015. The quantitative aspects aside (50% in earnings delivered to shareholders as dividends, the growth of earnings and revenues consistently for the past 5 years)

In terms of quantitative, it would seem to be very expensive as the price to earnings ratio is on the very high side (pe>50 and currently at 35 in 2019 april), however I try to look more on the qualitative side.

It is a very shareholder centric company, with a big amount of the earnings given back to the shareholders. On top of that in terms of R&D, it is top notched, with a huge market share based on its patent share of the nitrile glove market, which is still the preferred gloves used in medical and high margin industries. Qualitatively, I have attended every AGM since 2016 and at each juncture, the response and the management thought process has always been very clear.

I continue to put a big sum of money into harta until today as I feel it would be a safe investment well into the future.

I also put a big sum of money into JAKS (14% of my portfolio) as ever since the margin call of mr Koon Yew Yin, the stock has dropped from the overly bought level of RM1.8 to the overly sold levels of RM0.45. This is also the same case, in terms of technical analysis and quantitative analaysis, JAKS appears to be a poorly selected stock, however if you look at the quantitative side, the share price does not seem jive with the loss of market value, as the business fundamentals itself has not changed from the time Mr Koon bought it and when he sold it (i.e power plant still ongoing as per schedule, completion and uprunning still expected in 2020). With this qualitative thought process, if the business fundamentals have not changed, then the share price is definitely overblown. I went in at 0.56, with 100K shares done. It has also been very good to me, as the share price has gone up to RM0.86 in the meantime, a 30 cent increase. However after listening to some comments by Mr philip and DK66, I have started a small cashout (5K shares at 0.83) due to the unrealized risk of the project, while at the same time keeping my ears to the ground at the next quarterly earnings report.

My biggest winner so far has been GKENT, as quantitatively looking at the business, not much has changed except for the the delay in the lrt3 project progress (now rectified), its massive drop from RM4.30 to RM0.9 for a profitable business ( with good management, depending on how you look at the golf playing buddy of najib and now I assume LGE) was too much of a business opportunity not too be missed that buying a 100K share position at RM0.85 seemed too low risk to be a no-brainer. It continues to be one today.

In a simple summary, I think qualitative analysis seems to be far more difficult to apply than technical or fundamental analysis because it involves using multiple strands of data and weaving it into a concrete picture of how a stock will perform long term. For Gkent, it involves adding dimensions (on top of technical and fundamental analysis) by looking at geographical factors (china, singapore, the needs and requirements of railway transit), political factors ( government budget, government trade agreements and future relations with china), investment factors (gkent historical capability to hand over complex projects, MRCB financial capability), the possibility of winning future projects (in hospitals, railway transit, water treatment projects) versus their projected profit margin and thus their long term share price.

JAKS also involves the same, understanding how an IPP works, its maintenance and downtime schedule, the fuel prices (and availability of coal), the energy prospects of vietnam and its costs (and subsidy possibility), the capability of both JAKS and its china partner, etc etc etc all in an effort to know whether the price is going to go up or down in the long run.

It's a full time job this thinking, and there are so many things to consider, but it makes it all worthwhile.

May the Force be with you!

J.G.HO

>>>>>>>>

 

Discussions
3 people like this. Showing 8 of 8 comments

( BNF trader losses ) Philip

Anyone that has the qualitative skills to invest long term in QL I like. Good article.

2019-04-16 15:38

Jason Gilbert Ho

Haha TQVM, but you might be sad to know that I am cutting down on my QL position slowly and investing in Gkent and JAKS instead. Lulz.

2019-04-16 15:39

( BNF trader losses ) Philip

Ugh. Happy investing my young friend. Like you said, there are many ways of investing, many roads to Rome.

2019-04-17 07:28

Sslee

Dear Jason,
Welcome to I3 to share your investment thought process. Being a human being you cannot escape the cognitive biases when you have vested interest.
I quote your writing “Understanding People and Qualitative Analysis” Have you done that for JAKS? If you have, mind to share with us rather than saying “With this qualitative thought process, if the business fundamentals have not changed, then the share price is definitely overblown”

Thank you

2019-04-17 08:30

Jason Gilbert Ho

Hi Mr Lee, I would love to.

Qualitatively, I look on it from a Chinaman company business perspective. 70% is owned by CPECC, china power engineering Consulting which has a workforce of 9000, which has successfully completed 49000 MW of power plant projects, and most importantly is a state owned subsidiary of China Gov. As the construction of the power plant is still ongoing with pictures and testing commissioning done for various stages as per progress schedule from CPECC website report. (unit 1 to be completed in end 2019) and unit 2 to follow in 2020. This would be what I term as business fundamentals unchanged. On JAKS end, there are no major issues on the property development end which will cause major damage to the company, as its assets are in valuable locations and will prove easy to offload, if needed. The interest commitments are not too onerous

The risk factor here (which caused the share price to drop) was mainly on JAKS management end. The warrants issue, rights issue, the CEO unwillingness to add Mr Koon and his apointee on the board of directors is definitely a cause of concern. This can be construed both ways:

1)either Mr Ang is not a majority shareholder of his own company and is uncomfortable with another party taking power in the boardroom and pushing short term decisions for the company,
2)or Mr Ang is planning to do certain activities that will harm shareholder value (which Mr Koon will be unable to stop or reject and bring to vote).

It can lean both ways.

In either case, as I have entered my position below RM0.6, I feel confident within the short term of 1-3 years I should be able to enjoy 20% average return on the stock, which for me is more than good enough, as I have my eye on a few more companies with longer term potential.

2019-04-17 11:00

Jason Gilbert Ho

In either case as time draws near, I believe that JAKS will be able to perform within the RM1.50 per share level (especially when unit 2 goes online) due to either technical momentum, fundamental profits clarity from the EPCC works awarded by JHDP to golden keen holdings limited in vietnam, and some recovery of the construction and property market in malaysia.

Within that range I would be more comfortable investing in JAKS for the medium term.

2019-04-17 11:08

AmateurApprentice

Hi Jason,
I recommend this book "Mastering The Market Cycle : Getting the odds on your side" by Howard Marks.

Your investing is quite similar, he's quite a master for distress instruments.

In a nutshell, the industry is shit, so is the company, but when the pendulum swing to the extreme-end of undervaluation, it is a good buy.

Downside risk is low and any bad news will not have any big impact on the company.

Missed JAKS in the 0.40/0.50-ish. Still working on ignoring my emotions.

Kudos to you.

2019-04-17 16:31

(2.6m shares buyback April ) Philip

As long as you understand that JAKS is a mix term investment where you goal is rm1.5 tp sell then I am sure you will make money. It is a far cry from some of the other investors on the i3 Jaks voucher where they suddenly think Jaks will be a tp7 and rm9 company.

Have a happy good Friday!

2019-04-19 07:10

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