Future Potential of HengYuan

第七篇:HENGYUAN恒源(第四季度的盈利和未来利润的可持续性)

davidtslim
Publish date: Wed, 13 Dec 2017, 07:08 PM

祝贺全部的恒源股东!

恒源(HY)公布有史以来最强的盈利季度业绩(3亿660万令吉,每股盈利120.6仙)。 现在的问题是,第三季度HY的利润是否可持续 ? 为了回答这个问题,让我们通过一个非常重要的数据 (汽油裂解价差). 恒源第四季度(10-11月)的利润率与汽油裂解价差有密切关系 - 让我们看看汽油裂解价差(Mogas 95汽油 ,马来西亚不再有Mogas 92产品)和柴油(Gasoil)如下表和图表所示:

资料来源:CME数据(如果您参考最新的图表,旧的价差数据已被压制,例如,如果您使用12月份的Mogas 95图表检查Oct数据,价格会更低。您需要每天或每周采集数据)

我根据平均5天的Mogas 95价格计算马来西亚每周的汽油价格,我发现它们有密切的关系(如上表所示)。 HY的利润率与汽油裂解平均价差 (布伦特原油和Mogas 95之间的价差)密切相关,

来源:CME数据

从上表可以看出,10月2日至11月30日期间,Mogas 95和柴油与布伦特原油的平均价差约为11.3美元 (CME数据)。 在我之前的文章中,我用Mogas 92的图(RON 92)来估算HY的利润率。实际上Mogas 92汽油裂解价差低于Mogas 95的价差。对于马来西亚市场来说, RON92已经不在售卖了 。HY的主要产品实际上是RON95(汽油)和柴油。 事实上,过去6个月里,Mogas 95的价差比Mogas 92高出约2美元。 根据HY的2017年第三季度报告,11.3美元相对高于第三季度的差价和2017年的平均差价(8美元)。 然而,由于其他产品(〜2-3%的产品由燃料油,石脑油和丙烯组成)和喷气燃料具有较低的价差,我估计HY产品的有效平均价差 可能在9.5-10.3美元之间。

我喜欢HY是因其先进(复杂)的炼油系统,它可以灵活地调整产品比例,从而生产更高的利润率产品,如汽油和柴油。 请参阅壳牌2014和2015年度报告中的产品构成如下。

资料来源:壳牌2014年和2015年年度报告

从饼图中可以看出,HY主要产品是汽油和柴油,其利润率远高于燃料油(利润率)。 2015年年报显示,其中82%的产品是柴油和汽油,6%是来自航空燃料(10美元利润率左右)。

让我们来看看HY的2017年的第3季度报告的今年前景预期如下:

来源:Q317报告

从CME平均裂解价差数据来看,近期炼油毛利略高,与HY季度报告前景预期矛盾。 在HY的报告中,我认为会有这个悲观(保守)的短期前景是因为:

  • 他们的管理层可能比较保守,他们可能将10月份和11月份的数据与9月初的高峰值价差数据进行比较,如下图所示:

来源:CME数据

我对三季度平均价差的估计约为10美元,略低于第四季度的汽油价差(我的Mogas 95表中为11-12美元)。

Q4价差高于Q3的另一个证据或支撑数据是马来西亚汽油和柴油价格,这些价格是根据新加坡PLATTS(平均裂缝价差)计算得出的。 让我们看下图的马来西亚汽油每周价格:

 来源: https: //hargapetrol.my/malaysia-petrol-prices-list.html

马来西亚汽油每周价格实际上和平均(5天)Mogas 95价格有密切关系。 HY利润率取决于平均价差(布伦特原油和Mogas 95之间的差异)

即使我们监测未来6个月来自CME的Mogas 95数据(如下图),未来Mogas 95合约价格在74.2-75.4美元之间。 只要布伦特原油价格稳定在58 美元63美元的范围内,裂解价差将维持在10美元左右(这对HY这样的炼油企业来说是一个利润丰厚)。

来源:CME未来的Mogas 95数据

恒源何时需要缴纳所得税?

有些投资者可能会问,恒源何时需要缴纳所得税。 恒源可以免交所得税是由于利用税务亏损(递延所得税资产)所致。 让我们来看看2016年12月以前未使用的税额损失资产如下:

来源:2016年年报

恒源有2.677亿马币的税收损失资产可以用于免除所得税。 让我们来看看到2017年恒源的税收损失资产的利用率:

总计3个季度的利润(RM)

25%的税收损失资产利用率

7亿2558万

1亿8139万

 

税收损失资产的余额

8,350万

如果恒源能够在第四季度获得3.445亿令吉的利润它将用完其剩余的税收损失资产(8,630万令吉)。 未来我可能会在下一篇文章中详细解释未使用的再投资补贴(4.95亿令吉)。

恒源的主要财务数据

在公布了强劲的三季度业绩后,HY的财务比率大幅提升。 从ROE,ROIC,FCFO(经营自由现金流量),PE和EV的比率都显着改善。 让我们看看HY的一些重要财务数据如下表:

 

恒源(截至第二季度业绩)

恒源( 截至第三季度业绩)

恒源( 第四季度业绩)

ROIC

25.84%

48.1%

 预计会有所改善

鱼子

33.27%

56.30%

 预计会有所改善

PE

5.9

3.55

 预计会有所改善

EPS(连续12个月)

147仙

311仙(BURSA中最高的EPS)

 预计会有所改善

FCFO

524mil

736mil

 预计会有所改善

FCF(减去资本支出)

487mil

668mil

 预计会有所改善

EV / EBIT

(<8很好)

5.44

3.85

 预计会有所改善

现金

743.5百万

897.7mil

 预计会有所改善

债务总额

1316密耳

1310密耳

 预计由于RM升值而减少

存货

1,127.9 mil

1263.3mil

 预计由于布伦特原油增加而增加

净债务

572.4百万

412.3mil

 预计会有所改善

第三季度业绩公布后,各项财务数据均有明显改善。 对我来说更重要的是未来的数据或利润。 考虑到2017年10月和11月的精炼产品裂解价差(利润),我预计恒源未来的利润和财务比率将进一步提高。

为了证明现在的价格(11.00令吉)恒源HY是否还价便宜,让我们看看FCF对比市场资本,现金对比市场资本比率如下:

FCF / 市值 = 6亿6800亿/ 33亿= 20.2%(仅9个月)

手头现金 / 市值8.977亿/33亿= 27.2%(仅9个月)

让我们比较恒源,Petronm和Petdag之间的FCF /市值比,看看哪家公司经营现金收益最强。

9个月(Q1-Q3)

恒源

Petronm

Petdag

FCF /市值

20.2%

7.94%

4.2%

注:从现金流量表中有脱售附属公司的4.30亿的收益

我们可以看到,HY运营现金收益率是Petronm的2.5倍,比Petdag强5倍。 20.2%( 仅9个月 )的比率远远高于银行的定期存款利率(1年3.2%) ,这是一个很好的比例 。 如果目前的价差能够维持到2018年第二季度,这个比例将会进一步改善,但会受到2018年第三季度Euro4升级( 一次维护关闭和升级)的影响。 事实上,如果我们考虑到其巨大的库存价值12.63亿令吉 (可以抵消95%的借款),恒远实际上拥有超过8.5亿令吉的净现金。 这个现金水平相当于每股2.83令吉的现金。 再次,我看到的是未来6个月的利润可见度与裂解价差有密切关系。

有些人可能会声称,炼油厂从过去的数据是有周期的业务。 我对过去的裂解价差数据(由于2014年原油价格大幅波动)不太感兴趣,而对过去11个月的数据未来6个月的数据更感兴趣。

来源:CME数据

您是否认为2017年过去11个月的上述裂解价差显示炼油厂是一个周期性的业务? 我不这么认为,甚至未来6个月,我认为价差可能维持在9美元或更高(Mogas 95)。 只要布伦特原油价格稳定在50-65美元之间,我相信2018年的裂解价差将会相当稳定(主要是受需求增加和供应有限的支撑)。

如果你拥有一辆汽车,你不觉得汽油或柴油对你来说是必需品吗? 如果我们拥有一辆汽车,我们是否需要每周(或两周)要去加油站? 也许有些人可能会争辩说,电动汽车可能会在10 - 20年的时间内取代汽油车,但是飞机的燃料消耗呢? 大型船舶运输和依赖燃料油的发电又如何呢?

如果汽油,柴油(主要是货车,机器)和喷气燃料对我们现有的运输系统来说是必不可少的,那么石油提炼产品在未来就不应是一个周期性的业务(除非供应突然增加)。 这就像消费者必需品(如milo,面包)不太可能是一个周期性的业务。 传统上,第四季(十至十二月)是HY的旺季 ,第四季通常会空中旅行和陆上旅行会增加。

总之,由于需求持续增长,我认为2017年裂解价差突然如此之高是由于炼油厂关闭(需要大规模投资和更严格的监控)或炼油能力不足。无论如何,2014年汽油也是必不可少的产品,但当时裂解价差几乎为零,可能是当时供应过剩。

炼油展望

让我们来看看两个有关亚洲炼油企业的消息 - 壳牌(国际石油巨头)和中国炼油业如下:

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-oil-refining/chinas-oil-refiners-rush-to-cash-in-on-bumper-profits-idUSKBN1DG19N

摘录如下:

另一个消息是,壳牌已经开始关注下游企业,他们现在认为下游对他们集团的利润有很好的利润贡献。

https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2017/11/07/shell-to-secure-future-of-refining/

摘录如下:

根据目前亚洲车辆的增长情况,鉴于许多炼油厂计划关闭维护,我预计目前的炼油利润率(9美元)将持续至少6个月。

在未来的文章中,我可能会讨论恒远的2018年盈利预测,Euro 4的升级,2020年的柴油需求,SWOT,与其他公司的比较等。

风险

1. 由于意外机器或炼油厂系统故障而意外关闭。

2.意外发生火灾或爆炸。

3. Euro 4项目升级延迟

概要

1.根据目前汽油和柴油的裂解价差数据,HY在第四季度的盈利能见度依然不错。

2.即使以现价11.00令吉计,恒源未来3个月的PE仍然非常有吸引力(低于PEX3.5) 。

3.恒源有高质量的ROI(48.1%),ROE(56.3%),已经非常强劲的运营现金流 。

4.由于目前布伦特原油价格保持在57美元以上(当前价格为63美元),第四季度恒源有可能获得库存收益 。

5.近期RMUSD 升值将进一步惠及HY,因为其材料成本(原油)将较低。 另外还有外汇收益,因为它有RM13亿的美元贷款。

6. 2018年炼油产品前景依然光明 ,鉴于许多炼油企业计划关闭维护,车辆增长会增加需求以及炼油产品供应有限。

7. HY的管理层已经开始密切关注Euro 4的设备制造,甚至从2017年第三季度(1年之前)开始关注。 他们预计设备可能会延迟制造,现在已经开始寻找替代方案,以尽量减少延迟。 这表明他们已经准备好迎接这个升级项目的可能挑战(还有大约11个月的时间,他们可能会寻求母公司的技术帮助,因为恒源中国拥有生产Euro 5产品的技术)。

8.维护关闭/升级是炼油厂每三年一次的事件 ,这对世界各地的炼油厂来说是正常的。 事实上,第二季度小维护提高第三季度产量60万桶。我会比较关注2018财年整体12个月的盈利和现金流量来衡量恒源。(短暂的休息是为了走更长远的路).

 

如果您对我未来的分析报告感兴趣,请与我联系   davidlimtsi3@gmail.com

风险提示:此文章乃我的分析及预测及选股策略, 不对用户构成任何股票买卖及投资建议,仅供学习及参考。   

You can get my latest update on share analysis at Telegram Channel ==> https://t.me/davidshare

 

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4 people like this. Showing 24 of 24 comments

Ricky Kiat

david, u are great .

2017-12-13 20:41

pitbull

Good...thanks

2017-12-13 22:22

Mohd Fahmi Bin Jaes

Amazing

2017-12-13 22:24

probability

The below article is one of the strongest argument why HY (a Complex refinery) future refining margin is bright:

https://www.platts.com/IM.Platts.Content/InsightAnalysis/IndustrySolutionPapers/SR-IMO-2020-Global-sulfur-cap-102016.pdf

IMPACT ON REFINING SECTOR

The more sulfur-constrained world of 2020 will have huge implications for the global refining sector, undermining margins for simple refineries that turn a significant share of their crude run into HSFO, but potentially boosting margins for complex refineries able to take advantage of it.

According to the UK Petroleum Industry Association (UKPIA), a change to 0.50% mass sulfur marine fuels “would have a massive impact on refinery configuration and operations,” and would require some combination of the following four main approaches, each with its own drawbacks.

1) Substantial investment in upgrading fuel oil residues to gasoil grades (i.e. building secondary units such as crackers, visbreakers and cokers). But as many refiners are global companies they will only make such investments in locations with good returns (leaving the prospect of patchy availability).

2) Reduction of residue production through changes to a sweeter crude slate. The downside here is of course that such crude grades trade at higher differential, reducing refining margins, and will be in even more demand, and thus more expensive, in 2020.

3) Residue destruction, stopping the production of fuel oil. This also requires huge investment.

4) Desulfurization of residual fuel oil and blend with low sulfur gasoils. Similarly this requires huge investment. According to the IEA, these units are more expensive than upgrading units, and presently there is little demand for fuel oil desulfurisation units, with global capacity estimated to be less than 0.1 mb/d.” (Source: Medium-Term Oil Market Report, February 2016)

2017-12-14 00:57

probability

To have a good fundamental knowledge before investing, as first step, one is advised to glance through the following notes:

https://www.energyinst.org/_uploads/documents/session-4-refining-notes...

Reading Page 1 - 7 is enough.

Then you would have good idea to differentiate the effects of Crude and the different yield of products by Refiners based on their plant set-up (complexity).

This way you would be truly able to compare HY (Complex refiner-deep conversion) vs Petronm (Simple refiner-hydroskimming).

2017-12-14 01:00

probability

Refining capacity might fall short of demand after 2020 -Varo CEO

https://www.reuters.com/article/refineries-oil/refining-capacity-might-fall-short-of-demand-after-2020-varo-ceo-idUSL8N1MU4J9

LONDON, Oct 19 (Reuters) - Global oil refining capacity might not meet demand for oil products after 2020 as consumption continues to grow, boosting profit margins, Roger Brown, chief executive of European refiner Varo Energy, said on Thursday.

Refining margins are expected to remain strong in the long term due to strong demand for gasoline and diesel as well as a switch to higher-grade bunker fuels after 2020, Brown said at the Oil & Money conference.

“We see very good long-term refining margins at the moment.”

Refining capacity set to come on line in the coming years, including large plants in Kuwait, China and India, might not be enough to meet growing demand, he said.

“At the pace demand is growing… You’ve got to see supply and demand in refining between 2020 and 2025 remaining balanced and maybe a little short,” Brown said.

Varo Energy, a joint venture between the world’s top oil trader Vitol and private equity giant Carlyle Group, operates two refineries in Europe. (Reporting by Ron Bousso; editing by Jason Neely)

2017-12-14 01:01

probability

IMO 2020 Part 3: Refiners’ Perspective

November 16, 2017

https://stillwaterassociates.com/imo-2020-part-3-refiners-perspective/

(1) Refineries currently producing HSFO will be the most threatened by this rule.

(2) Refineries that currently produce minimal HSFO due to vacuum resid processing (e.g. coking, hydrocracking) will likely see IMO 2020 as an opportunity rather than a threat.

(3) Time is the enemy of refineries currently producing HSFO. Unless refinery modifications to reduce HSFO production are already well underway, those modifications will not be onstream until well after 2020.

(4) Key price differentials for refiners will likely change markedly in 2020, producing significant changes in processing strategy for many refiners:

(i) Distillate prices will increase markedly relative to high sulfur residual fuel products. Distillate prices (particularly in coastal markets) may also increase relative to gasoline. This will create product mix optimization opportunities for refiners and bunker blenders/suppliers. Intermediate streams that historically might have been processed on catalytic cracking or hydrocracking units may alternatively be routed to IMO-compliant fuel oil blending.

(ii) Vacuum residue yield and sulfur content will cause crude price differentials to widen between grades (e.g. high resid content sour crudes versus low resid content sweet crudes). This will create crude slate optimization opportunities for almost all refineries.

(5) Expectation of a wide price differential between IMO 2020-compliant fuel and traditional HSFO will create an incentive for shipowners to install onboard scrubbers and for refiners to install (or expand) resid upgrading facilities. Investment decisions by either of these industry sectors, driven by a wide price differential expectation, will directionally reduce the magnitude of the above market price changes.

2017-12-14 01:02

probability

Preparing for a Sea Change in Global Refining

JUNE 14, 2017

https://www.bcg.com/publications/2017/downstream-oil-gas-petrochemicals-energy-environment-preparing-for-sea-change-in-global-refining.aspx

A shift in HSFO pricing from its higher value to its lower value could have a significant knock-on effect on the price differential between light and heavy refined products. Specifically, we expect a spike in the differential. Which refineries are profitable and emerge as leaders will depend on their capabilities and product mix.

"Complex refineries with hydrocracking and residue desulfurization units that enable maximizing LSFO and distillates production will be able to navigate the disruption. Asia and the Middle East are home to such refiners."

- HENGYUAN REFINERY PERFECTLY FITS IN HERE!

Additionally, refiners with coker units, such as those on the US Gulf Coast, will fare well, as will refiners with access to crude with very low sulfur.

2017-12-14 01:02

mrtai021

Good info probability. Thanks

2017-12-14 01:03

probability

2020 IMO global bunker fuel regulations: A challenge too far for European refiners?

https://www.cornhilleconomics.com/single-post/2017/01/17/2020-IMO-global-bunker-fuel-regulations-A-challenge-too-far-for-European-refiners

The IMO global maritime sulphur limits regulations are likely to have an adverse effect on European refiners unable to make the necessary investments in refinery upgrading triggering further refinery shut downs.

2017-12-14 01:04

probability

MEPC 71: 2020 deadline reaffirmed as IMO agrees to promote consistent implementation:

11/07/2017

https://ibia.net/mepc-71-2020-deadline-reaffirmed-as-imo-agrees-to-promote-consistent-implementation/

Any suggestion that there may be any form of delay to the 1 January 2020 implementation of the 0.50% sulphur limit in 2020 was ruled out at the 71st session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee last week, as a majority of member states rejected a proposal to collect data to allow the International Maritime Organization to take stock of the availability situation ahead of 2020.

2017-12-14 01:04

probability

MARPOL implications on refining and shipping markets
December 2017

https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/insights/marpol-implications-on-refining-and-shipping-markets/

Market impact will be significant

Shifting a large portion of bunker demand from high-sulfur resid to a combination of marine gasoil and low-sulfur resid will affect markets in a number of ways. The higher demand for gasoil will largely have to be met by higher crude runs, putting upward price pressure on global crude prices, distillate premiums to other fuels, and refining margins in general. Also, the loss of demand for high-sulfur fuel resid will cause its price to fall, further adding to the widening spread between traditional high-sulfur resid bunker and marine gasoil. Finally, the price differential between high-sulfur and low-sulfur resid is expected to increase significantly.


This should also tighten distillate markets relative to gasoline, adding to the cost of marine gasoil. Currently, markets are fairly balanced between diesel and gasoline, and demand growth for gasoline is generally higher than for diesel. This is keeping the relative prices of diesel and gasoline fairly comparable. History shows that in years when diesel demand accelerates relative to gasoline, diesel prices shift to premiums over gasoline of USD6 to 20/bbl (depending on season).

2017-12-14 01:06

HENGYUAN @RM21 CONFIRM COMING

Probability, these are technical things for engineering...Can explain in layman to us? If I understand correctly, those European refinery doing low quality refinery no longer fit? While Asian with good quality of crude oil refinery?

2017-12-14 01:18

probability

European refiners:

- are mainly 'Simple Refiners', they produce about 30% of Fuel Oil (HSFO) as their products.

-Simple refiners are not installed with Crackers which cracks the Fuel Oil to convert it to Diesel like the Complex Refiners where almost all of them are converted to Diesel.


Because of the above....unless they invest on Scrubbers or Crackers, their refinery will be forced to close down, as their Fuel Oil would not meet the specification dictated after 2020 unlike Diesel for Ships engine consumption.


Will try to explain in more simple manner some other time...

2017-12-14 01:28

probability

Asian's especially those crude from Malaysia are the least sour (very little sulfur) as such their products can still meet the specification with minimal investment like Scrubbers...

Asian's also have more modern complex refineries where they dont produce Fuel Oil (almost nil)...and instead produce Diesel which will be highly in demand as a replacement of this Fuel Oil for the ships engine.

2017-12-14 01:32

probability

Diesel which is produced by the cracking process from Fuel Oil has less sulfur and meets the sulfur limits imposed by IMO 2020 on Fuel used for ships after 2020.

2017-12-14 01:36

HENGYUAN @RM21 CONFIRM COMING

Thanks probabilities, get a clearer pic now. Many thanks.

2017-12-14 01:44

HENGYUAN @RM21 CONFIRM COMING

Oh.thanks probability now I understand more.

2017-12-14 01:45

probability

Post removed.Why?

2017-12-14 11:44

probability

Crude Oil = Spaghetti , i.e a mixture of long noodles, medium, and short noodles

Long noodles = Fuel Oil
Medium length noodles = Diesel
Short noodles = Petrol

What does Simple Refinery does?

They just distill and segregate according to their lengths. If the crude (Spaghetti) has 30% Long noodles...after segregation you only get 30% yield of long noodles.

Now, what can a Compex refinery do with a Cracker?

They basically break (crack!) and split this long noodles to shorter ones and produce more Medium Length noodles (Diesel) and Short length noodles (Petrol) leaving almost none Long noodles.

So that Cracker has the flexibility to change the noodle length unlike Simple refiners who are at the mercy of the Crude (Spaghetti) they feed to their Distillation plant.

2017-12-14 14:35

probability

one need not wait till 2020 to see the effects on margins rise....

Many Simple Refiner like PetronM will take proactive steps to invest on upgrading via Crackers or Scrubber installation...like they intend early 2018.

This will inevitable stop their current operation, i,e production of all petrol, diesel and their fuel oil....this will be taking place worldwide especially more in Europe...

...and will cause a widespread phenomenal rise in refined products margin even before reaching end of 2019.

2017-12-15 16:44

probability

Just like the Simple Refiners are taking proactive steps above...the marine Fuel Oil consumers (the ships) will also modify their existing engines system to handle low sulfur Fuel Oil or Diesel...much ahead of end 2019.

both the above will have 'reciprocal effect' and thus 'accelerate the refining margins rise ' to reflect as it would be by 2020.

2017-12-15 18:55

probability

European refiners see life after IMO 2020, but it COSTS:

http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/european-refiners-see-life-after-imo-2020-but-it-costs/

In the immediate aftermath of the IMO announcement, Europe’s refiners were reluctant to take a firm stance. Unanswered questions over scrubber uptake, potential non-compliance and future fuel oil price spreads made choosing a strategy difficult. Refiners also had to ask whether it was really worth investing hundreds of millions, if not billions of dollars, in new upgrading equipment in a structurally disadvantaged sector, with no real guarantees of returns.


BUT AS THE REALITY KICKS IN

But as the reality of the new regulation has started to sink in, the mood among Europe’s refiners has shifted: fresh investment is back on the cards.

Take Spain’s Cepsa, a major player in the Mediterranean bunkers market. Last week at the International Downstream Technology and Strategy conference in Dubrovnik, Cepsa confirmed that it is in the basic engineering phase for a potential residual hydrocracker that will cost close to $2bn — a massive investment project for a mid-sized refiner. The following day at the International Bottom of the Barrel Technology conference, also in Dubrovnik, Poland’s PKN Orlen said it is considering investing in a similar unit at its 263,000 b/d Mazeikiai plant in Lithuania, having already decided to upgrade the H-oil unit at its 325,000 b/d Plock plant to produce a low-sulphur fuel oil blending component as well as install a new visbreaker in time for 2020. Croatia’s Ina, another Mediterranean bunker supplier, confirmed that it will complete a new delayed coking unit at the 90,000 b/d Rijeka plant by 2020. Amec Foster Wheeler, speaking to Argus on the conference sidelines, said it had just sold a new coking unit to a refiner in northwest Europe, though the buyer remains confidential.

A number of IMO-relevant projects are already underway. ExxonMobil’s 310,000 b/d Antwerp plant, Lotos’s 210,000 b/d Gdansk refinery and NIS’s 110,000 b/d Pancevo facility are all building delayed coking units. Total is due to start up a solvent deasphalting (SDA) unit at its 308,000 b/d Antwerp refinery, while Neste’s SDA began production in April at the 197,000 b/d Porvoo plant. Preem has commissioned a new vacuum distillation unit (VDU) and is considering building a residual hydrocracker at its 220,000 b/d Lysekil plant, while its 106,000 b/d Gothenburg plant has commissioned a new hydrogen production unit enabling further desulphurisation, due for completion by the end of 2018.

Refiners looking to cut down on high-sulphur fuel oil output must decide whether they will target the expected post 2020 low-sulphur fuel oil market or try to get out of fuel oil all together, focusing on middle distillate and light ends output.


TIMING IS THE MOST CRUCIAL

Timing is, perhaps, the most crucial element for decision making. A wide spread between high and low-sulphur fuel oil is likely to open up in the immediate aftermath of the regulation, but in the longer term, rising scrubber uptake as ship owners look to capitalise on cheap high-sulphur fuel oil could see it narrow significantly.



REFINERS WITH UPGRADING FACILITIES ALREADY IN PLACE WILL BE ABLE TO CAPITALISE

Refiners with upgrading facilities already in place by 2020 will be able to capitalise on this wide spread. But those with projects coming online in the mid-late 2020s will be exposed to the immediate drop in high-sulphur fuel oil values and then, by the time any new units are up and running, only stand to benefit from a small premium for any low-sulphur product.

The lead time for a delayed coking unit is around five years. For residual cracking units it is around the same. SDA lead times are shorter — around three years — and were plugged by Honeywell UOP and KBR at the Dubrovnik conference, both major engineering firms. Converting vacuum residue into deasphalted oil (DAO) that can be used as either cracker feedstock or, following hydrotreatment, low-sulphur fuel oil, gives a flexibility that is particularly attractive for refiners wishing to hedge their bets about which products will be most profitable in the long term.

2017-12-15 19:51

LandFrost

As per annual report 2016 (and also the print screen captured above), the tax losses c/f & unabsorbed reinvestment allowance are "stated at gross amount". It means you should knock it off against profit before tax level(gross@100%) instead of the income tax amount (net@25%)

2018-01-17 08:16

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